Enrollment expansion and training expansion, new vocational education reform continues to exert force
Can vocational education go from "quantitative change" to "qualitative change"?
A few days ago, the "Education Blue Book: China Education Development Report (2020)" compiled by the 21st Century Education Research Institute was released in Beijing (hereinafter referred to as the "Report"), which comprehensively scanned the education development in 2019 and proposed to face the 2020s. A series of challenges in education. Xing Hui, director of the Vocational Education Research Center of the National Academy of Education Administration and a well-known domestic vocational education scholar, stated in the report: “Vocational education, especially higher vocational education, will play a greater role in promoting supply-side structural reforms, and will serve and guarantee It has played a huge role in expanding social employment and entrepreneurship and improving the overall level of employment and entrepreneurship in society."
Since last year, as the country has successively issued a series of policies to accelerate the improvement of the modern vocational education system, China's vocational education development has entered a new era, and the development needs for high-quality vocational education have become more urgent. The 20 New Vocational Education Articles have constructed the "framework" of the new era vocational education system and mechanism from multiple dimensions such as the vocational education system, national standards, integration of production and education, and diversified education; the "1+X" certificate policy promotes the training of technical skills talents The reform of training mode and evaluation mode, the expansion of higher vocational enrollment expands the positive effect of higher vocational education in serving, guaranteeing and expanding social employment and entrepreneurship, and improving the overall level of employment and entrepreneurship; it is planned to complete 50 million trainings in 3 years and expand social training It is an important measure to enhance the employment and entrepreneurship capabilities of workers, ease structural employment contradictions, and promote employment expansion. The introduction and implementation of this series of policies has brought the development of vocational education into the fast lane, and the reform and innovation of vocational education has received extensive social attention.
However, for vocational education to move from "quantitative change" to "qualitative change", to truly help social and economic development, balance and stabilize employment, there are still many challenges and problems that need to be innovatively resolved.
Xing Hui led the team through a survey of the Education Departments of 30 provinces (regions, cities) across the country, and discussions and interviews in nearly 100 vocational colleges, and found that the expansion of higher vocational education involves education, development and reform, finance, human resources, social security, and veterans. Affairs and many other departments require active coordination and participation of all departments, and the education department alone has limited power. At the same time, the funding challenge behind the expansion of enrollment is also a common problem encountered by all provinces. According to the current average funding level of 12,000 yuan per student, the expansion of higher vocational education by one million people will increase at least 12 billion yuan in public fiscal expenditures in various places. Some places reflect financial constraints. . In addition, the management of social personnel after enrollment expansion and the challenges of school education and teaching quality are also important factors affecting "quantitative change" to "qualitative change."
To this end, Xing Hui suggested in the report that the expansion of vocational education should be personalized according to the number of students, social needs, and characteristics of the students. The state needs to provide protection for a series of investment problems brought about by the expansion. Schools need to recognize the characteristics of the new source of students brought about by the expansion of enrollment. The core of ensuring the quality of education and teaching is to provide appropriate education by stratification and classification. From classmates, full-time, purely school-running, to multi-age, full-time Adaptation and transformation of diversified school-running methods such as school system and part-time system, school and corporate community alliance.
Xing Hui believes that on the basis of this reasonable "quantitative change", it is necessary to highlight the construction of the new vocational education standard system, and to construct and improve the national standards of vocational education from the macro level and the micro level; the "three education reforms" of teachers' teaching materials and methods should As an important breakthrough to improve quality; grasp the foundation of vocational education to build people, highlight the characteristics of vocational education, and pay more attention to the cultivation, penetration and combination of labor spirit, professionalism, craftsmanship and labor model spirit, and strengthen school-enterprise cooperation and information Technological changes, continuous exploration, highlight the type characteristics and important status of vocational education, and finally realize the "qualitative change" development of vocational education.