The country of Mali is in a deep cycle of political and security crises. These crises culminated in the transformation of the opposition masses to demand the fall of President Ibrahim Abu Bakr Keita and the pursuit of a new establishment of power on new rules.
The new political movement is led by Imam Mahmoud Kita, surrounded by multiple political gatherings, which she saw as a source of unification for its multi-stranded masses.
Given the importance of the financial movement and its strong impact on the Sahel region and North African security, the following report reviews the most important questions related to the June 5 mobility that currently tops the political and media landscape in Mali.
What is going on in Mali?
Mali has been in the midst of a deep political crisis for several years, and the crisis has worsened over the past two months with the founding of the June 5 Harak movement demanding the toppling of President Ibrahim Abu Bakr Kita.
When did the movement begin?
The movement began in practice on Friday, 5 June last, and its episodes continued during the past weeks, with demonstrations every Friday evening, but the tension between the parties and the opposition directed to resort to the street began several months ago, against the background of what the protesters consider a failure of authority in the face The country's security challenges and the economic recession that worsened after the Corona crisis, as well as the circumstances in which the legislative elections were held, as popular dissatisfaction with the decision of the Constitutional Court revoked about 30 results, in addition to the traditional fraud charges.
Who is behind this movement?
The opposition poles clearly stand behind this revolutionary movement, through a diversified alliance of clerics, political figures, and civil society movements.
The movement also includes multiple Islamic formats that combine the regenerative Islamic trend represented by Sheikh Mahmoud Deco, and the Sufi movement represented by the honorable spiritual leader Muhammadu Ould Sheikh, may God protect him.
Who are the most important parties to the movement?
The financial movement consists of several parties, the most important of which are: the Amal Mali Kura movement, the Front for the Protection of Democracy, and the coordinators of the associations that support Sheikh Mahmoud Deco, and these bodies called in early June for a popular gift to get rid of the Kita regime.
Who are the most important figures who lead the movement?
Among the most prominent of these influential figures in this movement consisting of diverse political figures and movements is the paths and directions of Imam Sheikh Mahmoud Deco, a former president of the Supreme Islamic Council in Mali and one of the most prominent scientific and advocacy faces in his country, and is today considered the most important political face in Mali after the absence of opposition leader Sumila Sisi The kidnapper 4 months ago.
- Lawyer Muntaki Tal: a political and human rights advocate from the Amal Mali movement, and is the grandson of Imam Hajj Omar Tal, known for his resistance to France.
Omar Mariko: politician from the Front for the Protection of Democracy and anti-French presence in Mali.
- Sheikh Muhammadu Ould Hama Allah: A famous Sufi leader resides in the city of Ennior, near Mauritania, and is one of the most important keys to politics in Mali.
What are the most prominent demands of the movement?
The movement defines multiple demands, the foremost of which is the resignation of President Ibrahim Abu Bakr Kita, the dissolution of the Constitutional Court, the fight against corruption, and the prosecution of those involved in the killings and acts of violence against citizens, in addition to the cancellation of the recent fraudulent legislative elections according to the opinion of the opposition. President on the joints of government and the outlets of politics and money.
What is the military establishment's position on the movement?
A few weeks ago, the army leadership announced in a statement issued its commitment to neutrality between the parties to the conflict, and its commitment to the constitutional legitimacy represented by the President of the Republic.
There are several obstacles facing the army’s intervention, the most prominent of which is the Economic Organization of West African States ’standing clearly and strongly against the military coups, as the international community previously forced the army to hand over power to civilians after the 2013 military coup, but the army’s intervention - despite all this - is not excluded if The situation became tense and the political struggle got out of control.
Where France stands from the mass movement in Mali?
France represents an essential part of the fabric of politics and security, controls many of its joints, and there is no doubt that direct intervention by Paris in the course of matters will further complicate its relationship with the financial community in light of the escalation of feelings of hatred for France and its international presence and will be an essential part of what will lead to matters in order to protect its multiple interests.
There is no doubt that the leadership of the Salafi and religious forces, and the presence of the religious dimension in the political speeches of the president’s opponents, in addition to the emergence of forces opposing the French role in Mali among those calling for the ouster of Quetta, will make France anxious about this movement and eager to make a political exit that guarantees it to preserve interests, if It was not strengthening control.
What is the position of President Ibrahim Keita regarding the demands of the movement?
President Keita - who was elected for a second term in 2018 - ranges in his stance between the strictness in rejecting the option of stepping down and the flexibility to respond gradually to the demands of the protesters.
President Keita gave 4 speeches that included his vision and position, during which he announced some of the decisions responding to part of the protesters ’demands. On June 12, he renewed his confidence in Prime Minister Bobo Cisse and instructed him to form a new government, and opened the door to a national unity government on June 16.
On July 7, he hinted at responding to protesters' reservations about a number of parliamentarians who had initially declared victory, and then the Constitutional Court canceled the result.
The next day, he gave the green light to review the Constitutional Court’s decision on the legislative elections.
After the July 10 demonstrations - described as the worst day of civil unrest in Bamako in years - President Keita, in an effort to defuse tensions, announced the dissolution of the Constitutional Court, whose decisions were one of the headlines of the crisis.
Kita repeated more than once that he is willing to dialogue and calm the situation, but he is also concerned with ensuring the security of property, citizens and institutions without any weakness.
How did the police deal with the protesters?
The engagement of the security services with the demonstrators took a new turn last Friday after violent protests in which tens of thousands participated, and the movements against the president reached their climax, and the peaceful marches calling for the president to step down turned into violence after the demonstrators closed bridges, stormed the headquarters of the government broadcasting organization and attacked the parliament building.
Clashes continued over the weekend in Bamako through Monday, with most of the tension concentrated in the Badala Pogo district, which supports the opposition, and the violence killed at least 11 people and wounded 124 others.
The security forces have arrested about 20 opposition figures in the wake of these violent unrest in recent years in the capital, Bamako.
However, the security authorities subsequently released all political opponents, after local and foreign pressure.
With the escalation of the tone of the political conflict in Mali, the security crisis, which took on several social dimensions, also worsened, and new dismantling factors added to the fragile structure of the multi-ethnic and multi-ethnic financial community.
It is not unlikely that the political movement in Mali will lead to the emergence of a new political formation that will guarantee a level of safe exit for President Kita, and some opposition demands will be achieved, if this does not get out of control, then Bamako will be, as usual, on a date with the red caps and tanks and a hostile season of coups. Painful.