BBC: What legal basis does Trump intend to send troops to respond to the demonstration?

　　China News Service, June 4th: The demonstration triggered by the death of American African-American man George Freud has lasted for several days in the United States. The BBC's Chinese website (BBC) published a June 3rd article saying that the situation of this incident may be the most serious since the assassination of Martin Luther King, the leader of the Black People's Rights in 1968.

　　A few days ago, US President Trump considered sending troops to quell protests. He made a statement in the Rose Garden of the White House: "If any city or state refuses to take the necessary actions to defend the lives and property of the residents, then I will call on the US military to help them quickly Solve the problem." However, some state governments say that without the permission of the state government, the White House has no right to send federal troops to the station.

　　In the article, the BBC analyzed in detail the legal basis of whether Trump could "relocate troops". The article is excerpted as follows:

Data map: On June 2, local time, after New York entered the curfew in the United States, the police arrested some people who did not implement the regulations on the street.

Does Trump have the right to send troops?

　　The article said that under certain circumstances, the President of the United States has the right to send troops.

　　First, more than 20 states in the United States have called a large number of National Guards to participate in quelling protest demonstrations. However, the National Guard is a reserve force of the US military, and its members are usually "civilians". This time, the National Guard was deployed after each city and state government submitted an application.

　　US federal law stipulates that under normal circumstances, active-duty forces, including the Army, Navy, and Air Force, cannot participate in domestic law enforcement. Trump did not make it clear when considering "sending troops", but the consensus in the legal profession is that he needs to activate the Insurrection Act passed by the United States in 1807.

　　The article pointed out that the "Rebellion Law" shows that the US President can mobilize federal active forces to "repress any riots in any state, domestic violence, illegal gathering or conspiracy" without the approval of Congress. In other words, the bill authorizes the president to send troops to participate in domestic law enforcement under certain circumstances.

Data Map: On June 1, local time, in downtown Atlanta, Georgia, the United States, police and people participating in demonstrations kneeled down to protest against violent law enforcement against African-American men.

What is the "Rebellion Law"?

　　According to the article, according to the "Rebellion Law", if the White House determines that the situation in a certain state has deteriorated to the point where it is impossible to enforce US laws or that civil rights are threatened, the president can deploy troops in the state without the consent of the governor.

　　When the "Rebellion Law" was passed in 1807, the President was authorized to send troops to combat "the malicious invasion of Indians." Later, the bill was revised several times, and the coverage was expanded: allowing the military to be called to “participate in quelling domestic riots and protecting civil rights”.

　　American legal experts told the BBC that the "Rebellion Law" can provide the President with sufficient legal authority to send troops. University of Texas Law Professor Robert Chesney (Robert Chesney) said, "The key point is that this is determined by the President, the Governor does not need to ask for help. "

Data map: On June 3, local time, in New York, USA, after protests and demonstrations, text graffiti appeared on the sculptures and walls of the National Memorial in the Federal Hall. The Federal Hall National Memorial is the seat of the first Congress of the United States.

How does the US President use the "Rebellion Law"?

　　According to the article, according to a 2006 document of the US Congressional Research Service, before the "Rebellion Act" is activated, the President first needs to issue a statement requesting the dissolution of the relevant demonstration. If the situation still fails to restore stability, the president can sign an order to dispatch troops.

　　Generally speaking, the basis for the President’s initiation of the Rebellion Law is that in some cases, local governments cannot, or are unwilling to restore order; in other cases, local governments may need reinforcements from the military.

　　However, some commentators have warned that if Trump sends troops this time, it may intensify tensions.

Has the Rebellion Act been used before?

　　The article pointed out that according to the US Congressional Research Service, historically, the United States has used the "Rebellion Law" dozens of times, but in the past nearly 30 years, there is no precedent.

Data map: May 31, local time, Manhattan, New York, demonstrators took luxury goods from the smashed shop.

　　The article said that in 1808, former US President Jefferson launched the "Rebellion Law." During the 19th century, other American presidents also made the same move. However, the law was most frequently applied in the mid-20th century, when the American civil rights movement rose.

　　For example, President Roosevelt was in Detroit before 1943, President Eisenhower was in Arkansas before 1957, and in April 1968, some time after Martin Luther King was assassinated, former President Linton Johnson sent troops to three cities.

　　The article pointed out that in the 1950s and 1960s, three U.S. presidents had used the "Rebellion Act", including in the case of the governor's opposition. For example, in 1957, the incident of black and white children in a school in Arkansas led to protests. The situation quickly ran out of control. The governor was accused of "doing nothing", and Eisenhower sent federal troops to it.

　　After the 1960s, the United States rarely introduced the Rebellion Act. However, in 1989, Hurricane Hugo caused severe damage to the US Virgin Islands and caused serious robbery. The local government asked the federal government for help. Former President George W. Bush sent troops to help according to the "Rebellion Law."

　　The article said that the last time the United States launched the "Rebellion Law" was in 1992. At that time, there were serious protests and demonstrations in Los Angeles. At that time, President Bush, at the request of the Governor of California, called nearly 4,000 officers and men to calm down the situation. The fuse for the Los Angeles protests was also the excessive use of force against blacks by American police when they were accused of law enforcement.