The Turkish tongue dates back hundreds or even thousands of years, but written Turkish is a young language that evolved from the dialects of the Oghuz tribe (and they are a branch of the Uighurs) and the Cossacks who arrived in Asia Minor or Anatolia since the ninth century AD coming from Central Asia, the migration that produced the Seljuk state Inherited by the Ottoman Sultanate.
Although the great Seljuks who ruled vast lands extended between Afghanistan and Iran in the east and even Anatolia in the west including Iraq and the Levant, they spoke Turkish in the royal court, schools and markets, but Persian was more used in literature and correspondence, while Arabic was considered the language of various sciences, and the two languages were influenced Significantly in modern Turkish.
The written Turkish language developed gradually and was influenced by Islamic traditions, represented by the Turkish poet Yunus Imre, whose poems were written in the ancient Anatolian Turkish dialect of Turkish culture and literature in the modern era, and the General Conference of UNESCO issued a unanimous decision declaring in 1991, the 750th anniversary of the poet’s birth, “the year of Yunus his international order ".
Anatolian poet
, despite the many myths that deal with his life, it obscures his true story, which we do not know much reliable information about, and it is known that his command was Sofia, committed to the manner of Sheikh Tabduk his command, who was influenced by the poems of the most famous Sufi mystic of the 13th century AD, Mawlana Jalaluddin Rumi, But unlike Maulana, Yunus Emre's poems were more popular and simple.
According to a recurrent myth about his life, Yunus Imre approached a mystical hospice for the Dervish, with the intention of ordering food, and there he met Hajj Paktash and Lee (1201-1271), the founder of the famous Paktas way that spread in Turkey and moved its center to Albania later and was linked to the Janissary layer and they are infantry forces from the elite Ottoman army who They formed the Sultan's Special Guard.
In the legend, Younis asked Hajj Baktash wheat, but the Sufi sheikh offered him a supplication instead, which is the offer that Yunus rejected three times and took the wheat before he discovered his mistake and went back to the dervishes asking for supplication and blessing, and there the Sheikh told him that the opportunity was missed and he had to if he wanted to Sheikh Tabduk commits his command, and so began a journey of decades of following this spiritual teacher and yielded mystical poems repeated by many Turks to this day, he says in one of them, "I am not a pretender, but I have come to spread love in the hearts, so the beloved's home is the heart, and he wanted me to deepen the hearts with love." .
Yunus received a good education in the Seljuk Karatai School that teaches Sharia science and law, and he was supposed to work as a Seljuk judge but he chose to organize in the Sufi way and its spiritual guide, and many historians believe that the Sufi orders played important civilian roles in Anatolia when the Seljuks government and their capital Konya weakened In the 13th century AD.
According to a popular account, Yunus Imre wrote hundreds of poems that one of his contemporaries called Mulla Qasim found contrary to the Sharia, and many of them were burned, but some of them survived in a manuscript dating back to the 15th century in the Turkish city of Bursa, and her poems revolve around the pursuit of purification of the soul and aspiration to spiritual elevation, and the poet deals Topics of life, death, dedication, and divine justice.
And he expressed the way of thinking Sufism in his era in simple and smooth poetic language, it is an extension of the poetic traditions that started with Ahmed bin Elias Al-Yousifi, who died in 1166 AD, and who is known as the first Turkish Sufi, as he studied Sufism and religious sciences and left Sufi poems.
Yunus Imre's well-known tomb is located in the village of Sari Koy of Eskişehir state, west of Ankara. Turkish historian and traveler Olayya Chalabi, who lived in the 17th century AD, indicates the names of the regions, towns, and villages mentioned in the biography and poems of Yunus Imre with the regions all located in the Turkish province that knows On behalf of Karaman today.
Yunus’s Travels
The German orientalist Anna Anna Schimmel wrote a small booklet called “Trips with Yunus Emre” and included aspects of his biography and poems. The late Egyptian writer Hussein Mujib Al-Masri, who is nicknamed the Dean of Islamic Literature, wrote a set of his poems that he translated into Arabic with researcher Badia Abdel-Al in The Arabic Court issued by the Cultural Publishing House in Cairo.
Professor of Oriental Studies at the Faculty of Arts, Ain Shams University wrote in the introduction to his book that several factors have combined and helped in the spread of Sufism in the Islamic world in the era of Yunus Emre, the most prominent of which is the absence of strong political systems, corruption of the social system and the abundance of internal conflicts and disputes over the throne, which are factors that helped direct souls to Sufism "where people rested for this religious approach that evaluates their lives and helps them to endure the misfortunes of the eternity. When the hospices were constructed, the Turkish people took refuge in them, taking refuge in them and found a safe haven in the vicinity of the Sufis sheikhs who had no occupying job other than performing pure worship and guidance. General to the right path. "
One of his poems says, "Your love took me from me while you were accompanying me. I am burning in my day and night to you while you are my lieutenant."
His command suffered from the pain of alienation and his poems are filled with the names of the countries in which he fled east and west, as it indicates his grief over the Turkic countries that were subjected to the conquest of the Mongols and the looting and devastation caused by their attacks, and his order in his poems exceeded the position of the Sufi Dervish to write a poem urging the nation to unite against the Mongols, And looking and reflecting on the human condition, and avoiding injustice and arrogance.
Yunus Imre’s poetry was related to Turkish literature, as he is the first Turkish poet, frankly descent in that era of the time when Turkish poetry was born, and also because he is a poet based on his temper in poetry that speaks of the poem of course, not of course, according to the expression of Hussein Mujib Al-Masry, who believes that his command did not go In the way of imitating Persian poets of his time.