Reserve meat, reserve vegetables, reserve masks, etc. have recently appeared
See what goods the country has hoarded for you?
"The ribs are 17 yuan per catty, and the lean meat is 10 yuan per catty. It took only 32 yuan to buy a rib, which is much cheaper than other cold meats in the market!
Wuhan Citizen Shangqi bought the central reserve meat for the first time some time ago. "The whole cold chain distribution, scan the QR code, and the origin and delivery information are all out." Shangqi is very satisfied with the reserve meat.
I bought reserve meat, ate reserve vegetables for the first time, and put on reserve masks ... Since the outbreak of the New Coronary Pneumonia epidemic, all kinds of reserve materials have entered the daily life of the people and played an important role at a critical moment. What materials does the country currently reserve? What is the reserve standard? What shortcomings exist?
Complete categories of reserve materials
——The grain, oilseed rape and meat reserves are sufficient, and important materials related to national economy and people's livelihood, such as medical materials, oil and natural gas, are in the reserve catalogue
In the northwestern city of Guangxi, supermarkets are used, and citizens Liu Guo bought reserve meat. "I used to see the national reserve meat in the news. This time I really felt the benefits of the national reserve. The meat made of braised meat is very thick. The taste of the reserve meat is even more delicious than other pork on the market! "As of now, the national reserve meat supply has exceeded 300,000 tons nationwide.
Along with the reserve meat, there are reserve dishes. Recently, in the vegetable basket parity outlets in Changxiu Community, Xiuying District, Haikou City, Hainan Province, winter melons, pumpkins, Chinese cabbage, sweet potato leaves, Shanghai Qing and other reserved vegetables have appeared on the shelves. "I have recently come here to buy vegetables. There are many varieties and the prices are affordable." Ms. Lin Lin said.
According to the relevant person in charge of Haikou City Food Basket Industry Group, Haikou City Food Basket Group currently has more than 700 tons of vegetable stocks. In the future, it will increase reserves and stocks as needed to meet the daily needs of citizens.
"China has always attached great importance to strategic material reserves. During the epidemic prevention period, the supply of vegetables and meat was very stable, and there were no major fluctuations. This was attributed to a relatively complete strategic material reserve system." Zhang Zhaoan, vice president of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, told the author Say.
Compared with reserve vegetables and meat, reserve grains are less "appeared" during the epidemic prevention period, but they have also attracted a lot of attention.
Some time ago, news of some countries restricting grain exports made many people "nervous" and started hoarding rice noodles at home. Aunt Wei, who lives in Chaoyang District, Beijing, told the author that she was one of them. "The epidemic situation in foreign countries has increased, and I heard that some countries are not exporting food. We are worried that there will be a shortage of food, so we have hoarded some rice noodles at home." When it came to the news about grain reserves, Aunt Wei dismissed the idea of hoarding grain: "Not to mention that there is grain grown in the land, that is, the country's grain reserves are enough for the whole country to eat for a whole year. Insects are also susceptible to insects at home, which is really unnecessary. "
Hu Glacier, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said that China has paid great attention to grain reserves for many years. At present, a grain inventory system has been formed in which central reserves and local reserves operate in a coordinated manner, and government reserves and enterprise inventories complement each other. The total grain inventory is in history High position. "Specifically, in 2019, China's three major staple food stock balances of wheat, corn, and rice exceeded 280 million tons."
"So far, no central reserve grains have been used. In addition to individual cities and counties, most areas have not used local grain reserves." Qin Yuyun, director of the grain reserve department of the State Grain and Material Reserve Bureau, said recently.
Experts pointed out that in addition to grain, oil, rape and meat, which are closely related to the daily life of the common people, there are many national reserves of materials, such as medical masks, protective clothing, goggles and other medical materials, oil, natural gas, coal and other energy and other important materials related to national economy and people's livelihood. And so on.
It should be adjusted quickly
——The reserve must not only ensure strategic safety, but also reduce material waste and improve efficiency
"Strategic material reserves are very important. They are better prepared than unused, unavailable and unprepared." Zhang Zhaoan pointed out that after more than 60 years of development, China's strategic materials not only have more varieties, but also have a larger and larger reserve. In addition to responding to emergencies, strategic reserve materials also have a major role, such as regulating the supply and demand of domestic materials and stabilizing prices.
What materials should be reserved? How to grasp the scale?
"The choice of varieties of strategic material reserves mainly depends on factors such as domestic resource endowment, supply and demand, importance in economic development and national defense security, and the availability of international materials." Zhang Zhaoan said that the scarcity of materials, external dependence, The proportion of domestic reserves in the world, price fluctuations in the international market, and political stability of major material supply countries all have an impact on the strategic importance of materials. Therefore, the variety and scale of reserves must be adjusted in accordance with the world situation and national strategic security needs.
Experts pointed out that there is still room for improvement in the category, scale, and structure of our current reserves. For example, in the initial stage of the outbreak, serious sanitation and anti-epidemic materials, including medical masks, protective clothing, goggles, and medical equipment, were seriously inadequate. , Exposed some of the long-standing shortcomings and systemic defects in China's emergency material security.
"It is necessary to get it, but also to adjust it quickly and use it." Zhang Zhaoan said that at a critical moment, the rapid response capacity of the national strategic material reserve is very important, and the allocation and allocation efficiency must keep up. Under smooth logistics conditions, it is necessary to ensure that materials can be quickly distributed locally. "The production, supervision, reserve, allocation and distribution of national strategic materials have a complete chain, and the transfer of materials should be considered as a whole and integrated."
While ensuring national strategic security, reducing material waste is critical. Industry insiders pointed out that the national strategic material reserve should generally pay attention to the combination of reserve and turnover, through multiple frequency rotation mechanism to achieve material flow, value preservation and value increase, and regular storage and new. For those with long shelf life, such as metal minerals, we must pay attention to the timing of the rotation frequency, and on the premise of not adversely affecting the market, the materials sold in rotation should generally be higher than the purchase price; short shelf life, such as refined oil, etc. Rotate out during the warranty period to ensure that the quality is not wasted.
"As far as grain is concerned, because the main summer grain production areas are generally full and full of storage, the acquisition of storage capacity is relatively tight." Hu Glacier believes that it is necessary to speed up inventory digestion, increase the intensity of warehouse consolidation and increase grain storage facilities.
Improve the national reserve system
——China will further improve the variety, scale and structure of emergency material reserves, optimize production capacity guarantee and regional layout
Recently, from the central government to local governments, a series of policies and measures to improve the national reserve system have been accelerated.
The 13th meeting of the Central Comprehensive Deepening Reform Committee held a few days ago pointed out that to improve the public health emergency supplies guarantee capability, we must strengthen top-level design, optimize department collaboration, and follow centralized management, unified allocation, peacetime services, disaster emergency, procurement and storage integration, The requirements of efficiency and efficiency, centering on creating a “three-in-one” material guarantee system for medical prevention, material reserve, and capacity mobilization, perfecting the variety, scale, and structure of emergency material reserve, innovating reserve methods, optimizing production capacity guarantee and regional layout, and improving public health emergency material guarantee Working mechanism to ensure that important emergency supplies can be deployed and used at critical moments.
In the field of energy, the National Development and Reform Commission and other five departments recently jointly issued the "Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Natural Gas Reserve Capacity", which clearly stipulates that the construction of gas storage infrastructure will be promoted to enhance the capacity of natural gas reserves; the implementation of independent operations and the improvement of the price mechanism and other investment returns Channels; increase policy support for land, finance, taxation, finance, investment, etc., and encourage enterprises to speed up the shortcomings in the construction of gas storage infrastructure.
With regard to grain, the National Grain and Material Reserve Bureau has recently proposed strengthening the safety management of reserves, optimizing the scale and structure of grain reserves, and increasing the proportion of small-package finished grain and oil reserves. Optimize the layout of reserve areas. Central reserves are mainly located in strategic areas, main grain production areas, transportation routes and areas with special needs. Local reserves are mainly located in large and medium-sized cities, volatile market areas, disaster-prone areas and food shortage area.
Various places have also taken measures one after another: Hunan Province has proposed to strengthen the construction of strategic material reserve systems such as food, meat, edible oil, energy, medical treatment, cold protection and warmth; Sichuan Province has made clear that it will focus on the development of emergency industry and build an emergency material security system combining peace and war; Hebei Province will further strengthen the construction of a provincial-level prevention and control material reserve library, and each city shall establish a medical material reserve library to enhance emergency protection capabilities.
Huang Ming, Secretary of the Party Committee of the Emergency Management Department, pointed out a few days ago that emergency supplies should be prepared. Focusing on responding to the peak demand for emergency supplies similar to the Wenchuan earthquake and the 1998 floods, we will establish and improve a unified emergency supply support system.
"In the context of increasing global uncertainties, we must pay special attention to improving the national reserve system." Zhang Zhaoan said that information tools should be better used to carry out overall planning of the strategic material reserves of the entire country to improve the efficiency and level of reserve material management To improve the dynamic management level in the face of complex conditions.
In Hu Glacier's view, the management of strategic materials, especially like the country's grain reserves, still has weak regulatory links. From the perspective of improving management level and responding to social concerns, further improvement is necessary. "Technical aspects, such as the current blockchain technology can avoid fraud and information tampering through the distributed accounting mechanism. In the future, we can consider applying related technologies to the information management of the national reserve."
"Reserve legislation should also be improved." Tang Juran, a professor at the Party School of the CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee, believes that for a long time, China has mainly relied on policies rather than laws to adjust material reserves. So far, there is no specific strategic material reserve law. It is necessary to establish and improve laws and regulations on national strategic material reserves as soon as possible, and make clear provisions on the management system, storage quantity, rotation cycle, capital guarantee, statistical reports and other aspects of strategic material reserves, so that national strategic material reserves have laws and regulations Follow, at the same time facilitate supervision and inspection.
Qiu Haifeng Gong Wenjing