On May 4, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Health and Safety Commission invited Zhong Nanshan, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, to connect with overseas students to answer questions about the "epidemic".
Zhong Nanshan said at the time of the connection that there is sufficient evidence to prove that Lianhua Qingwen is effective for the treatment of new coronary pneumonia. He said that an experimental result will be published recently, confirming that Lianhua Qingwen is effective and can help patients recover.
He introduced that patients taking Lianhua Qingwen Capsule improved symptoms faster. Judging from the CT films, they recovered faster than the control group. In addition, there was a significant difference in the decrease in body temperature of the patients, and the fever time was shortened.
Are there any sequelae of new coronary pneumonia? What is the impact on the lungs?
During the live broadcast, some international students asked: If they go out and are unfortunately infected, are there any sequelae of the disease? What is the impact on the lungs? Zhong Nanshan answered this question: New coronary pneumonia will not cause too much damage to the lungs, and the sequela will not be obvious.
Zhong Nanshan said that if you are unfortunately infected when you go out, you should pay attention: young people generally have strong antibodies. If they do not have many diseases (such as heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, etc.), they generally recover faster. Drinking more water and taking some medicine will help you Rehabilitation.
He added that there have been many patients who have seen them, and overall they have recovered well, including the lungs. New coronary pneumonia is better than SARS, unless particularly critical patients will affect the hematopoietic system, affect bleeding, and affect the liver, kidneys and lungs. After the recovery of the new coronary pneumonia case, the lung fibrosis is not too heavy, and it seems to be reversible.
More than one hundred patients have been examined for lung function and have not yet returned to normal levels, but the damage should not be too large and will slowly recover, with little sequelae. "Four early" is the key to avoid most infections
Zhong Nanshan said that for us in China, one of the biggest characteristics is "four early", namely early protection, early detection, early diagnosis and early isolation.
He said that the consciousness of "early protection" is actually self-protection. The most important thing is self-protection, including keeping a distance, wearing a mask, etc .; early detection, if you are uncomfortable, see a doctor; early diagnosis; early isolation, this is actually The biggest difference between China and other countries is that we go all the way to the community, so we call it the joint defense and joint control of the community. The most important thing is this. It supervises from all aspects and reminds each other to help. We know that this disease is mainly infected through droplets and contact. As long as we avoid this, we can avoid most infections.
New Coronavirus has an infection index of 3
Academician Zhong Nanshan said in an online communication with representatives of overseas students that the infectivity of the new virus will make people "unexpected."
In terms of infectiousness index, the general influenza is 1, SARS (SARS) is close to 2, the Middle East respiratory syndrome is 1.5, and the new coronavirus is 3.
I do n’t approve of group immunization, which sacrifices a lot of people
Zhong Nanshan: In Europe, 20% of people have antibodies, and the highest reported is 25%. This number is far from the so-called group immunity. This disease (New Coronary Pneumonia) is generally immunized. It usually takes 6 to 70% of people to become infected. This is now possible, but now more than 20% is far from being reached. I don't quite agree with this approach. Many people have to be sacrificed. Even 1% is more than ten to twenty times higher than the flu, and even one hundred times. If you are 2%, 3%, that is even more terrible, because you have to sacrifice a lot of people to get group immunity. I don't think that this method is feasible. We have many ways. We can prevent it, we can protect it, we will fight for time and make vaccines.
There is no evidence that the new coronavirus will spread through mosquitoes
Zhong Nanshan: Generally speaking, the survival rate and activity rate of the virus under high temperature are relatively poor, so with the arrival of summer, the activity of the virus will decline, and the epidemic situation will generally decline. Although ultraviolet light is not as strong as ultraviolet light disinfection, high temperature is detrimental to virus activity and spread. We know that mosquitoes can transmit many viruses. Two examples are prominent. One is malaria and the other is dengue fever. It is still very common in Africa. But there is no evidence that the new coronavirus will be infected by mosquitoes, so I do n’t think the new coronavirus can be transmitted by mosquitoes.
Simple dry cough does not completely explain the problem
Some international students asked: Must dry cough be infected with new coronary pneumonia? Can it be self-checked? In response to this question Zhong Nanshan: It is recommended to go to the hospital outpatient clinic for nucleic acid testing, simple dry cough symptoms can not fully explain the problem.
Zhong Nanshan said that cough is a common symptom of many diseases. Dry cough is generally a symptom of acute bronchitis, and it is not the earliest symptom of flu.
At the same time, he reminded foreign students to go to the hospital outpatient clinic for antibody testing. Due to the relatively high requirements for nucleic acid testing, it is impossible to do it at home. Do not take dry cough as the only consideration. Dry cough should be analyzed. Students who can find a doctor can ask each other. One symptom of asthma is dry cough. The symptoms of dry cough cannot fully explain the problem.
How to distinguish flu from new pneumonia: not relying on symptoms to detect
At the beginning of this year, the United States had an outbreak of influenza. Influenza and New Coronary Pneumonia have some symptoms that are very similar, so how should we distinguish between Influenza and New Coronary Pneumonia in daily life? Zhong Nanshan answered this.
Zhong Nanshan: China ’s domestic GDC reports that the prevalence of influenza has decreased by 90% in more than three months. Because everyone pays attention to keeping their distance and wearing masks, there is less flu. Influenza is very similar to the symptoms of the new coronavirus. First, it is systemic. At first, the fever may account for more than 50%. Not everyone has a fever. The flu also has this situation. At first, the body is uncomfortable. Therefore, it is difficult to distinguish by symptoms alone. If there is no test, it is difficult to make a differential diagnosis.
In mainland China, a fever will generally detect nucleic acid viruses, but the United States can use deep saliva, nasal swabs and throat swabs. I suggest using some cold medicines, such as ibuprofen, etc., which can be used, and these are not harmful to the new coronavirus. Therefore, at this time, only the diagnosis can be differentiated by detection, and not the symptoms.
What to do in the face of asymptomatic infections: prefer to believe it or not
An international student asked Academician Zhong Nanshan how to protect an asymptomatic infected person. Zhong Nanshan explained this.
Most of the imported patients in mainland China are now asymptomatic infected persons. The term asymptomatic infected persons may not be very accurate. In fact, there are several cases. One is that he took the initiative to test and found nucleic acid after the test. Positive but no symptoms, this is called asymptomatic, if he already has symptoms, it is not asymptomatic.
There are the following situations for asymptomatic infections. First, there is actually a type. He is the prodromal period of the disease, or the incubation period, which is generally three to seven days. During this time, he has no symptoms, but he is already infected. After three to seven days, he developed a fever and cough. In fact, this is called the incubation period, or the prodromal period. This is definitely a type of new coronary pneumonia infection, this is the first type.
The second type is that you pay special attention. The so-called asymptomatic infected people actually have some discomforts. We also found that there are some. He is not uncomfortable, but he has to come to mainland China to test , Detected and talked to him in detail in the ward. He felt that because of his recent trip to China, this one was very tired, his muscles were aching, and he felt tired, and he passed by burning some medicine. This also belongs to this type. In fact, he did a positive nucleic acid test. In fact, he belongs to an infected person with very mild symptoms. In this type, pay special attention to how you feel. For example, I have not seen a high fever recently, but I am particularly tired. I want to sleep, my muscles are sore, and my nose and throat are not very good. This is the symptom, and this situation also accounts for a considerable part.
The third kind, it is indeed possible that there is one. The test is positive. After a period of time, this patient is still asymptomatic. However, mainland China generally pays attention to isolation and has to go to a designated hospital for follow-up. Do you still have to do it again? In addition, serum antibodies should be tested together with two. If this second test becomes negative, the antibody is also negative, not at all. If the second time is still positive, this situation also exists, this is the so-called asymptomatic infection. All three types exist, and the proportion is being counted.
The fourth type is very individual. A small number of nucleic acids detected are positive, but they are always positive for the nucleic acid, and they are positive for one month, and no antibody is produced. This is what we call him a virus carrier. Individual cases also exist.
In general, for those who have been detected asymptomatically infected, people need to "would rather believe it or not," and there is a certain distance to them. Some isolation is still necessary. In this case, it is avoided in the future, because the asymptomatic infected person is contagious within the first five days of developing symptoms. It is understood that the first five days and five days after the new coronavirus has symptoms, it is the time when the virus is most likely to infect people. Five days after getting the disease, his virus infectivity will be down, unless the heavy patients are generally down. . In addition, the asymptomatic infected person really has this infection, and he was also infectious in the first five days, so this has not been answered very clearly. Zhong Nanshan believes that in the current mainland practice, all nucleic acid positives are first isolated at a designated hospital. If they are negative after a period of time, they will go out. This situation should not be relied on once, but on a repetition to get a comparison. Good conclusion.
Data Map: Photograph by Sultan Zhongnanshan News Agency
Will the violent storm snow accelerate the spread of the virus: no
In response to the question raised by some international students, whether gusty winds and blizzards can accelerate virus transmission, Zhong Nanshan said that snowfall or gusty winds will not only accelerate but also slow down.
Zhong Nanshan said that the virus must be attached to something to spread, the most prominent is through droplets, such as snow or wind, not only will not accelerate but will slow down. Just because there is strong wind or snow, I think it will not accelerate the spread of the virus itself.
At the same time, he said that it was snowing and everyone was in the house, which increased the possibility of spreading. The strong wind will definitely not increase its spread. The wind-borne virus will quickly dilute, and after dilution, it will not spread if it does not reach a certain concentration in the air.
Overseas epidemic prevention should not be "cloud of people" or "common to the village"
Now that the epidemic is outbreak all over the world, how should overseas students improve their immunity overseas to prevent infection? Zhong Nanshan answered this.
Zhong Nanshan: My personal view is that we should not "have the same cloud as people" or "follow the customs". We have our own methods and don't be embarrassed. At first, many people in foreign countries took a strange look at the Chinese wearing masks, saying that you must be sick. It has completely changed now, even in some countries that were very opposed to wearing masks before. You can go out and open, but you must wear a mask. So I have my idea, I have my approach, I think that this is the best way to prevent epidemic, just stick to it and don't look at other people's opinions. I don't want people to do what I do. This does not require "coming into the village", but our correct approach drives them. In fact, some correct practices in China have led other countries.
What foreign students need to pay attention to when they go shopping: It is important to wear a mask!
International students who are segregated at home, occasionally need to go out to buy some necessary living materials, what should be paid attention to in this process? In this regard, Zhong Nanshan made an answer for international students.
Zhong Nanshan: It is safe at home or in dormitory, but it is very important to wear a mask when going out. As you know, we do n’t usually wear N95 masks, nor do we need them. Ordinary masks cannot protect against the new coronavirus because the virus is too small to be worn in the mask. But viruses rarely flow freely in the air, they attach to something, and most of them stick to droplets and spread to others. Ordinary masks can prevent droplets, so we can prevent most viruses. Wearing a mask is quite useful.
The droplets will not run too far. After coughing, it will probably not exceed 2 meters, and it will fall on the ground beyond this distance. So up to now, viruses in the air cannot exist alone and freely, they are always attached to some substances.
Now most countries have realized that wearing masks is afraid that others will infect themselves, which is a big change. Some countries have even issued regulations. Many countries in Europe are going to unblock, but it is stipulated that they must wear masks, so everyone has accepted such a rule and such a fact.
It is impossible to get infected in the plane and have symptoms immediately
Academician Zhong Nanshan gave scientific answers and suggestions on how students would worry about the risk of infection on the plane and how to protect them on their way home.
Zhong Nanshan: First, if it is possible before returning to China, you should do a serum test to see if there is an infection. It is best to do a nucleic acid test. After taking a flight back to China, as soon as the nucleic acid test is positive, you may have some problems, but no symptoms. In such a short time on the plane, the longest is 16 hours, and it is impossible to get symptoms after receiving an infection within 16 hours. May be infected, the time is too short, it is impossible to have symptoms at the same time. This disease usually has an incubation period of three to seven days, so in the plane, first, you must first determine whether you are on the plane in the best condition. Second, pay attention to protection, wear masks and wash your hands. You do n’t get infected when you get on the plane, and you get a fever when you get off the plane.
China News Service Comprehensive CCTV News, Beijing News
Editor: Ji Xiang