These days mark the birthday of the French writer, Emile Zola, one of the most famous nineteenth century writers, and the intellectual who laid the literary foundations of the printing school, and wrote unforgettable novels on which the modern novel was founded.
Emile Edward Charles Antoine Zola was born in the beginning of April 1840 in Paris, and his passion for writing did not prevent him from also dealing with devotion to philosophy, literary criticism, science and journalism, in an attempt to expand the boundaries of literature towards various other fields of knowledge.
In its report published by the Italian newspaper "ArtWife", the author Federica Santoni said that the literature of France in the nineteenth century is related to the birth and development of important novels, poems and writings, which were the most important works of Zola.
Literary beginnings
The writer stated that the Hachette publishing house was the first to welcome the beginning of the Zola march, which began in 1862 at the age of twenty-two, to work as a journalist interested in French political and social issues. Two years later, his first stories were published under the title 'Tales to Ninon'.
Zola's true literary start was in 1867 with the famous novel "Therese Racquin", through which he strongly proclaimed his "print" doctrine, and as a result he gained appreciation for his poetry and philosophical doctrine.
The term "printing" appeared for the first time a few years earlier, specifically in 1858 in an article by positivist Eppolite Tin, who worked closely on observing human behavior. With the movement of print, a theory emerged in the novel that says literature is closely related to natural science and its experimental nature, unlike other literary schools that focus on ideals, romance, spiritual aspects, and the transcendent imagination of nature.
The natural school believes that only the laws of nature govern the world and not any supernatural or spiritual powers; it denies the existence of the deity and the occult and immaterial world, and focuses in its literary works on dealing with the vices of humanity and human misery. Some critics of this school see that its pioneers treated human figures in literary works as creatures not unlike any other animal.
Zola tends towards expanding the field of the experimental approach related to physics, chemistry and natural sciences to the field of fiction and literature, and he argues that this natural approach can also be transmitted to emotional and intellectual life, and his directions are an extreme reaction to the romantic school in literature and art that the French writer considered to focus on the form not Indeed.
Zola's origins go back to Italy, where his father lived in Venice, and the writer was naturalized as a French citizen in the 1860s, and he lived in his life fluctuating between poverty and wealth, and he died on September 29, 1902 poisoned by carbon monoxide gas caused by a well-ventilated chimney, which is what He raised many doubts about the accident because of the possible intentional killing of one of his opponents.
The spiritual father of Tabaniya
Emile Zola planned between 1868 and 1870 to write his long and famous anecdotal series in a collection of 20 novels, devoted to the observation and detailed observation of contemporary society, through the literary analysis and narration of the story of a wealthy family that lived under the Second French Empire.
The time of drafting this series coincided with a tireless work, devoted to him for more than twenty years, in which the characters are related to each other and are intertwined to embody common diseases and anomalies, and many of his novels have been translated into Arabic.
The writer referred to the refinement of Zola's doctrine in print with the philosophical study of Darwinian positivism, in which he combined various scientific theories and important gains for the physicist Claude Bernard. Emile Zola was close and influenced by his friends from his contemporary French writers such as de Goncourt, Alphonse Dodeh and Gustave Flaubert.
With Zola relying on observation and experimentation in building the novel, the French writer views literature as an experimental model of human psychology, and this claim is what prompted many critics - such as the Polish critic Georgi Lucas - to describe Zola's works as being extremely poor in building vibrant personalities in an influential way not Forget, like the English novelist from the school of literary realism, Charles Dickens, for example.
Some critics have described Zola's literary characters as caricature or "cardboard".
The rise of literature in the school of faith is linked to the retreat of the church and the decline of religion in France since its great revolution, and Zola was quoted as saying that "civilization will not reach perfection until the last room of the last church falls on the last priest."
The ideas of print were exposed to a lot of criticism because of their association with a materialistic vision that denies intangible existence. In his book, "The Weight of Glory and Other Titles," Irish writer Cliff Jack Lewis mocked the ideas of the school of print: "If minds are entirely dependent on brains, brains depend on biochemistry, biochemistry is based on the random flow of atoms; I cannot understand how it should be The minds of these minds are more important than the sound of wind in the trees. "
Literary legacy
In the Italian newspaper report, the writer considered that the narration of Zola is real and tangible and is keen not to cast the character in the events that crystallize in an objective way.
Before writing, the author used to excavate the usual places and habits of French society, and the result of this frantic research seems clear to those who read his novels, which are filled with descriptions that reflect the cruelty of the workers ’neighborhoods in Paris in the novel“ The Belly of Paris ”, and a savage and scrap-like modernity in the novel“ The Beast ”. Human. "
In spite of his claim to adhere to the scientific vision, Zola believes that science is moving towards a country in which humanity is controlling life and is capable of directing naturalism, a claim that appears after more than a century is far from reality, especially in light of the current Corona pandemic.