Recently, the number of newly discharged patients with newly cured pneumonia nationwide surpassed the existing confirmed cases for the first time. As "hardcore" expert Zhang Wenhong said, a country and region must have a very good prevention and control strategy in order to control the epidemic.
Looking back on the course of coping with the new crown pneumonia epidemic, many people were very impressed with the "first level response across the country" starting on January 23. With the gradual control of the epidemic, since February 21, more than half of the country's provinces have gradually adjusted their response levels to major public health emergencies in response to the epidemic.
Behind this "start-up" and "adjustment", what kind of principles and strategies for emergency response to public health emergencies in China? Wang Jin, associate professor of Lanzhou City College, answered one by one related questions.
Reporter: There are four levels of emergency response to public health emergencies. In response to the new pneumonia epidemic, please explain the response of each level.
Wang Jinxiang: According to the "Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China" and "National Emergency Public Emergency Overall Plan", emergency events are classified into four categories: natural disasters, accident disasters, public health events and social security events. The pneumonia outbreak is a public health event. According to the nature, severity, controllability, and scope of the incident, the emergency levels are divided into first-level (especially significant), second-level (significant), third-level (larger), and fourth-level (normal). Levels.
Generally speaking, the first-level response is organized and implemented by the State Council, and the provincial people's governments organize and coordinate emergency response in the province under the unified leadership and direction of the State Council. Downgrading the emergency response level indicates that the scope, nature, and degree of harm of the epidemic have decreased, and the organization and implementation departments that respond to the epidemic have also been reduced. Adjusted to a second-level response, the provincial people's government leads and directs emergency response work in its own administrative area; it adjusts to a three-level response, and the municipal people's government leads and directs emergency response work in its own administrative area; adjusts to the fourth level In response, the county-level people's government will lead and direct the emergency response work in its own administrative area. The people's government at the next higher level can give guidance and support to the people's government at the lower level according to the actual situation.
Reporter: Are the measures adopted by all provinces across the country at all levels consistent?
Wang Jinxiang: The state has a comprehensive emergency public emergency plan system, including general emergency public emergency plans, special emergency public emergency plans, emergency public sector emergency plans, and local public emergency plans. The emergency plan for public health emergencies initiated by this new crown epidemic is a special emergency plan for public emergencies. People's governments at all levels have also formulated emergency plans for local public health emergencies on the basis of national plans and their respective actual situations.
The levels of emergency response to public health emergencies at all levels are all four levels. The national plan only stipulates the standards for first-level (especially significant) incidents. In the process of formulating emergency plans, people's governments at all levels will respond to different levels of incidents. The standard is slightly different due to its actuality.
The National Emergency General Public Emergency Plan provides macro regulations on the responsibilities of people's governments at all levels, health administrative departments, medical institutions, disease prevention and control institutions, health supervision institutions, and entry-exit inspection and quarantine institutions in the emergency response process.
For example, the main measures of people's governments at all levels include: (1) organizing and coordinating relevant departments to participate in the handling of public health emergencies; (2) mobilizing various types of personnel, materials, Vehicles and related facilities and equipment participate in emergency treatment work; (3) Delimiting control areas and imposing blockades of infectious disease epidemic areas within their own administrative areas; (4) Adopting restrictions or stopping crowd gathering activities, suspension of work, closure of business, suspension of classes, etc. Control measures; (5) measures of in-situ isolation, observation, and treatment for infectious disease patients and suspected patients, and centralized or home medical observation for close contacts according to the situation; (6) at transportation stations and entry and exit A temporary traffic sanitary quarantine station shall be set up at the port to carry out quarantine inspections on entry and exit, entry and exit of quarantine areas, and vehicles in operation, their passengers, supplies, and host animals; (7) information release in accordance with relevant regulations; (8) Collect epidemiological information, report, decentralize and isolate personnel, and implement public health measures; (9) Organize relevant departments to ensure commodity supply Prices, to prevent looting, to crack down on rumors pass rumors, price gouging, hoarding, selling fake goods and other illegal and criminal and disorderly behavior.
Provincial (autonomous regions, municipalities) emergency response measures for public health emergencies are further detailed on the basis of national plans, and the response measures at different levels also vary according to the actual situation in various places.
Reporter: In this province, the emergency response level has been adjusted from Level 1 to Level 2 or Level 3. What is the basis for adjusting the level?
Wang Jinxiang: The Law of the People's Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases and the Regulations on Emergency Response to Public Health Emergencies stipulate that in formulating emergency public emergency plans, people's governments at all levels must classify public health emergencies, and Develop corresponding emergency work plan.
The National Emergency Plan for Public Health Emergencies stipulates that when a public health emergency occurs, the county, city (prefecture), and provincial people's governments at the site of the incident and their relevant departments shall make corresponding levels according to the principle of hierarchical response. Emergency response. At the same time, according to the nature and characteristics of different types of public health emergencies, we must pay attention to analyzing the development trend of the incidents. For incidents with increasing influence, we should promptly raise the level of response; for incidents with limited scope and no further spread, we should Reduce the response level accordingly.
After the outbreak of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the state promptly initiated a first-level (especially significant) public health emergency response, and the provincial people's governments also initiated a first-level response in accordance with the country's unified deployment. In recent years, according to the development trend and control situation of the new crown pneumonia epidemic situation in the province, and according to the respective public health emergency level standards, the first-level response has been gradually reduced to second-level or third-level.
Reporter: Where is the science of setting the emergency response level for public health emergencies?
Wang Jinxiang: The "Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China" is the law that regulates emergency response in China. Public health emergencies belong to the category of emergency response.
It is very reasonable for the state to divide the levels of public health emergencies into four levels, reflecting the principles of unified leadership, hierarchical responsibility, and territorial management. Different regions have different types of public emergencies, and their hazards are different. The response measures are different. Low-level incidents mean that the scope of impact is small and the hazards are small. Local governments can take measures to deal with them. If not classified, high-level response measures for low-level incidents may cause over-response and increase adverse effects on socio-economic and people's lives.
Our reporter Tang Fang