War, presidency and revolution .. Mubarak from heaven to earth

After days of talking about the deterioration of his health, Egyptian television announced this afternoon, Tuesday, the death of former President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak, at the age of 92.

Mubarak was admitted to Al-Galaa Hospital on the morning of Tuesday, January 21, and after medical examinations he performed a tumor operation on Friday, January 24, after which he moved to the intensive care room.

With Mubarak's death, the curtain falls on the longest-serving president of the Egyptian Republic, and the first president to be overthrown after a popular revolution.

Here are the most prominent stations of Mubarak since he was flying in the sky as a war pilot until his death:

• He was born on May 4, 1928 in the village of Kafr al-Masaylha in Menoufia Governorate (north of Cairo).

• He graduated from the Military College in 1948, then obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Air Sciences in 1950 from the Air Force College.

• On the ladder of military leadership, he was appointed in 1964 as commander of an air force base west of Cairo.

• He received postgraduate studies at the "Fronza" Military Academy in the former Soviet Union.

• During the 1967 setback in front of Israel, Mubarak was commander of the Beni Suef air base. After the war, and in the context of the restructuring of the Egyptian army, former President Gamal Abdel Nasser appointed him director of the Air Force College in November 1967.

• On June 22, 1969 he was promoted to brigadier general, to serve as Air Force Chief of Staff.

• Mubarak's most important military upgrade was in April 1972 when he was appointed commander of the Air Force.

• Mubarak participated in planning the October 1973 war, and the Air Force had a prominent role in crossing the Suez Canal and the victory of the Egyptian army, which is the most important memory that Egyptians hold for Mubarak, as a hero of the October War.

• On April 15, 1975, the late President Mohamed Anwar Sadat chose him as Vice President of the Republic, and in 1978 he chose him as Vice President of the ruling National Democratic Party.

• On October 14, 1981, Mohamed Hosni Mubarak assumed the presidency of the Arab Republic of Egypt, replacing Sadat, who was assassinated in the October 2007 commemoration ceremonies. Mubarak was next to him and suffered a slight injury.

• On January 26, 1982 he was elected head of the National Democratic Party, which dominated political and party life in Egypt over the three decades in which Mubarak ruled.

• Mubarak began his presidency by releasing political prisoners, opening a new page with the opposition, and the Egyptians conveying his famous sentence, "The Shroud has no pockets", in reference to his asceticism in the post.

• But Mubarak remained in power for thirty years, through popular referendums as the only candidate in 1987, 1993, and 1999, according to the constitution that granted the president a six-year presidential term, and allowed him to run without a maximum of times, according to a constitutional amendment made by Sadat Then he was killed and did not benefit from it.

• In 2005 Mubarak made a constitutional amendment that made the election of the president by direct secret ballot, open the door for candidacy to party leaders, and was re-elected with a large percentage of the vote, while the opposition challenged fraud and the use of state institutions in Mubarak’s campaign, as well as the unequal opportunities for candidates in propaganda.

• Under international pressure, Mubarak allowed a large margin of freedom in the parliamentary elections at the end of 2005, which resulted in its first stage the entry of 88 members of the Brotherhood into parliament, in addition to other numbers of opposition parties, but in the second and third stages the electoral process returned to its previous era in Forgery for fear of victory by the opposition.

• Popular protests escalated against Mubarak's social and economic policy, which culminated in 2008, when massive demonstrations took place in the industrial city of Al-Mahalla Al-Kubra denouncing Mubarak.

• In 2009 his grandson, Mohamed Alaa, died, a death that some see as the most severe blow to Mubarak, as they see that he left the details of the ruling to his wife Suzan Mubarak and his son Gamal, who the opposition said was preparing to inherit the rule of Egypt.

• In 2010, Egypt witnessed the worst parliamentary elections, as the security services did not allow any opposition to enter the parliament, under the instructions of the National Committee's Policy Committee, the committee that was preparing for "succession."

• The term "inheritance" was the straw that ended the Mubarak regime, as the opposition unified against Mubarak and demanded his departure.

• On January 25, 2011, the first spark of the revolution that toppled Mubarak came out after 18 days, to announce his abandonment of the presidency on February 11, 2011.

• Under pressure from the demonstrators, Mubarak entered the prison for the first time in April 2011, where several charges were brought against Mubarak and the symbols of his regime, including corruption and participation in the killing of protesters during the revolution. However, he was acquitted of most of the cases, while he was convicted in a small financial corruption case, known in the media as the "presidential palaces", and with him his sons Alaa and Jamal, and they were punished with three years imprisonment that were calculated from the time of their preventive detention.

• Mubarak stayed home after his release, and was hospitalized several times, before his death was announced today, February 25, 2020.