Paris (AFP)
Studies on the effects of screens on children and adolescents, despite their number, are far from being all conclusive and can give contradictory results, on the risks, notes the High Council for Public Health (HCSP), which also evokes their benefits.
The analysis of scientific publications provides "contradictory elements of the effect of screens on the cognitive development of children and on mental health disorders", according to an opinion from this advising body of public authorities, published Wednesday.
"The consequences on sleep are established and are more important if the time of use increases". On the other hand, more than the screens themselves, it is the behaviors associated with their use (increased food intake, shorter and less good sleep) which are responsible for the increase in overweight.
Researchers report a significant risk when children and adolescents have access to sexual and pornographic or violent content, continues the HCSP.
But screens can have positive effects in specific situations: "in children with or without cognitive development disorders (or delays), the supervised use of digital technology has had positive effects on learning". Likewise, positive effects have been observed in children with an autistic disorder.
The "exergames" (active video games combining cognitive and physical exercises) also lead to improvements in behavior (physical activity, diet), cognitive development (development of learning, language, thinking skills ...) and social interactions, notes the High Council.
The HCSP recommends banning screens for children under 3 and 3D screens for those under 5, as advocated since 2008 by the Conseil Supérieur de l'Audiovisuel (CSA). The other general instructions are: no screen in the children's room, do not let them look at it for an hour before falling asleep, or during meals.
It is advisable, continues the HCSP, to support the consumption of screens according to their nature (tablet, television, video game ...) and age categories and to find a balance between authorization and prohibition, while devoting time for other activities.
The HCSP deems it necessary to train adults to perceive the risks and benefits, identify vulnerable children and adolescents and spot the warning signs of excessive use (drowsiness, anxiety disorders, reduced academic performance ...) .
He also recalls the site (https://www.netecoute.fr) and the toll-free number (0800 200 000) of Net Ecoute, dedicated to children and adolescents faced with problems in their digital uses.
Finally, in view of the current "numerous scientific uncertainties", he concludes that "there is a need to develop research".
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