Between 2000 and 2012, Sweden had a negative trend with steadily declining results in all measurement areas. In 2012, a bottom listing was made when Swedish students' results were well below the average for other OECD countries.

In the 2015 Pisa survey, the trend was broken and the Swedish students placed themselves at or above the average in reading comprehension as well as science and mathematics.

At the same time, the results showed that the differences between different schools were large. In one municipality there are schools where almost all ninth graders are allowed to go on to high school while others only manage to give one third of the students admission.