Imad Babiker-Khartoum
Literature and the arts have always been a mirror of their societies, reflecting what works, and how society perceives something. This report attempts to trace the Egyptian image in Sudanese literature in the twentieth century.
In the Sudanese imagination, Egypt was a beacon of cultural radiation that the Sudanese and those who are politically desperate for, a desire that was realized by some of the great Sudanese poet Mohamed Said Al-Abbasi, who went to it to study at the Military College. It was patronized and sponsored by the Abbasid Diwan and saved beautiful after departure:
O mercy of God, Egypt, the tomb of Zenati Ottoman
He fed me with his youthful politeness and he hailed me without his cohorts
Love touches sanctification
But Egypt has not all Zanaty, the official institution (military college) treated Sudanese different from the Egyptian in the system of promotions, although they are in one army, Vasti Abbasi from the military college.
Abbasi, as critic Abu Aqilah Idris Ismail in his testimony to the island Net of those who loved Egypt love almost to sanctify:
Egypt and Egypt, but the sun, which fascinated by the light of all the lows
I have sought it as if I was seeking for the good or to the mother of villages
Idris does not see that this shock to Abbasi affected his love for Egypt, but the poet hoped for the unity of the two countries.
Like the Abbasi in his love for Egypt, many Sudanese intellectuals, who Egypt was a link to them with the world and literature, and they saw access to them and the Nahl of them in addition to them, after reaching its light in different forms, the most important Egyptian publications of books and periodicals, or in teachers And educated people. Some of these Tijani Youssef Bashir, although he did not have his intention:
But Egypt and brother brother Sudan was the beater of the Nile chest
They kept his old covenant and praised him and raised him from him
The more they deny the culture of Egypt, the more they make it
God is the face of her face, it is only increased after me and hardship
It was a great heartbreak in the heart of the poet who died under thirty not to see Egypt, but printed after his death his bureau "radiance". In the same poem Tijani recommends Egypt:
Trust the rest of the literature literature and do not Tvlai other things
Everything in science, except science, does not magnify a people and does not glorify Qatar
Sudanese writers in Cairo
Egypt's embrace of many Sudanese writers beautified the Egyptian image, including the quartet that formed a new wave in Sudanese poetry, namely: Mohamed Moftah al-Fitouri, al-Jili Abd al-Rahman (owner of the horse and broken sword), Taj al-Sir al-Hassan (poet of Asia and Africa), and Mohieddin Fares ( His Office of clay and nails). These became the pioneers of activation poem in Sudan.
Egypt was present in their poetry with their hands on them, and these and no others in the period of the first half of the last century considered themselves strangers to Egypt, they are the inhabitants of the Nile Valley and its people, and perhaps the poem "Asia and Africa" written by Taj Al-Sir of the Conference of Non-Aligned Countries - In Bandung in April 1955 - Egypt gave what it did not give to others, although it dealt with a number of countries:
Egypt, my sister, my sister
O Riad, fresh spring and leaf
Oh fact ...
Egypt, O mother of beauty or Saber
You are my sister
We will uproot the normal valley
Friendly hands have been extended to us
Added to them many poets, including the most famous Hadi Adam associated in the cultural memory of his credit "tomorrow Alakak", and Driss Gamaa (remaining moments), have studied in Egypt and based on its science, and genius thinker Muawia Mohamed Nour, whose writing was part of the Egyptian cultural scene, and has led interest Egypt's culture and arts and its good communication with Sudanese intellectuals to their sense of thanks to Egypt and its hands, and this is reflected in the poetry of many of those who have not mentioned.
The shadows of politics
The Egyptian image in Sudanese literature was not the same or fixed, but it was closely associated with politics, whether the tar was both ends, or the event was in one country without another.
Since the Arab revolt and Sudanese literature dealt with Egypt, as did the Sudanese poet Sheikh Salawi:
He worked counting with the dispersion of parties
By Allah, we have supported us with the sword of Orabi
In his book Poetry in Sudan, Dr. Abdo Badawi states that the poem was sold for a pound of gold in Cairo. This interaction extended to defend Egypt in the tripartite aggression, and crossing from a distance, and Egypt became the Sudanese champion defending champion, says Mukhtar Mohammed Mukhtar:
Is not my peace, despite the deputies, Iamr you splendor and glory Almthl and pride
Thousands of your children will be dying of blood before they are
They die free from fever and are better than the humiliation of the plates and the grave
The political shadows between the two countries remain the most important in drawing the picture, and perhaps the most important old issue of the union with Egypt or not, and historically accepted the problem of water and division, which appeared in the poetry of many, the most important of which is Abdullah Tayeb, for the fact that the man loves Egypt in some of his poems:
I love Egypt for the love of the Nile.
However, he was interested in his country before, and he went into the water issue in his poem The Lost Homeland:
I am afraid that tomorrow I will see the Nile as a people who will do it.
And we are a dark oppression with a reason why the survivors
We are in a fertile valley, a house, and a palm tree on its shores
Critic Dr. Mustafa Al-Sawi explains this to Al Jazeera Net by saying, "It is normal; This is what Abu Aqilah Idris goes, citing the exchange of opinions of many of them, including the poet Saleh Abdul Qader, who was a proponent of the Union, but was a member of the White Brigade Association, whose leaders were martyred for the principles advanced by the Union with Egypt, and then turned his thought and poetry until he said :
Let the idea of the Union and its blame and call for our independence is more generous
Your people are better than many, higher and higher peoples, but more dear and generous
Unit of the Nile Valley
The divide was clear between the Sudanese, between an hour for the unity of the people of the Nile Valley, and a call to call the `` Sudan for the Sudanese '', and recorded all that poetry, and features appeared clearly with the revolution of 1924, which was the killing of Sir Lee Stack from the causes of ignition, followed by a long silence of poetry.
Remembrance of Egypt was good, which infuriates the British intelligence, and despite all that the poems were seen from advocates of unity, but even these have shifted from unity to the other camp, and advocates of unity became advocates of the independence of Sudan from the British, and Egypt, as Abu al-Qasim Mohammed Osman said:
I was praised by the Hazar and faithful Vser days I go
However, I woke up from the dream of a bright and the sleep of the conscience of fear
I am not satisfied if a great pride is taken away and I do not mean for a position
In Egypt, O Ndimi, Sheikh of life to the humiliation attributed
This change started after the failure of the white brigade revolution, and the weak reaction in the Egyptian circles, and the reasons reproduced; some of them diagnosed, and others overlooked, and among the most important who tried to put their hand on the wound Major General Mohamed Naguib, who in his memoirs "I was President of Egypt" " The Egyptians, "including" their ignorance of Sudan matters of language, religion, civil and geography, "he added," We know more about Europe and America than we know about Sudan. "
"They take on us the neglect of many of their children who sacrificed for the unity of the Nile Valley," Najib said. Major-General Mohamed Najib, a Sudanese-born, raised and Egyptian-born, seems well aware of Sudan.
When Naguib was fired by Gamal Abdel Nasser, Khartoum came out in condemnable demonstrations, and literature was present. The politician and poet Ahmed Mohamed Saleh wrote in the March crisis:
I was not a treacherous treacherous, nor was it a coward
O Your Great Heart Greetings from a nation I have given charity
I have known you since your youth free and adequate and passed away to you and believed in faith
To say:
They sold their boss and symbol of their struggle selling grace and swore the demon
They have destroyed you, but they have shattered the country's hope and resonant voice
The Sudanese saw the fate of Najib, and considered it, and it was a milestone in the history of the two countries, but it is not a single cause.
Egyptian media
In the beginning of the last century, the Egyptian media played a positive role in contributing to the culture, improving the Egyptian image, and dealing with the Sudanese creativity.It was a link, but with the passage of years, the area of positive and negative has decreased. In the 1980s, in the Journal of Al-Dustour, he wrote, "The people of Sudan do not atone for the brothers of the North other than love, but the least they hope to leave is to say voluntarily his love poem rather than to teach false words."
This is the words of a man who loves Egypt, as Tayeb Saleh says.
In the view of media professor Dr. Al-Walid Ali - in particular to Al-Jazeera Net - that the Egyptian media mostly contributed to the image of the Sudan's appetite for Egyptians, as well as contributed to a bad image of Egypt to the Sudanese, by addressing the Sudanese issues with some disregard accompanied by lack of knowledge in the number One of the media templates, as the cinema tried to stereotype a particular picture of the Sudanese, which made a wide range of Sudanese hates everything that is Egyptian diet for his country.
This sentiment was expressed by some Sudanese writers, but Ali added, "It must be understood that the Egyptian media is mostly official, which makes it the mouthpiece of the ruler, not the people."
Halayeb and other cracks
Like all neighbors, there will be no contentious and boundary issues, written by Sudanese poets such as Abdulqader Al-Kittiabi who says:
Hey, you say a stop.
She laughed and said wheat!
Tell the civilization, she bent a gnawing to flee with stones.
And precaution on coffins of harmony
Aunt's milk was in the tiger's tiger
I said maybe ...
A salute to the samar comes in the presence of the Arabs.
Al-Sawy continues to pay attention to a literary fact, which is the lack of exposure to the Egyptian image in the narrative as a less emotional work than poetry, and nonetheless attended in one of the most important novels "Season of migration to the north," which embodied Egypt spontaneously communicate; Mustafa Said chose to go as the Nile To Cairo, not to Beirut. He also saw Egypt in a position between two houses; where civilization and the eastern azimuth.
Al-Sawi concludes by saying that the mental images exchanged need a lot of serious readings, and that the task of literature to refer to the wound, and perhaps contribute to the treatment not fully therapeutic.