Why is space so cold if the sun is too hot?

The sun is about 150 million kilometers away from Earth, yet we can feel the warmth it produces every day. Even in some countries, such as Kuwait, the temperature may exceed 60 degrees Celsius. But what is puzzling is that outer space remains cold despite the burning of Earth millions of kilometers away.

To understand this puzzling phenomenon, writer Kashiabmen said in his report published by the American website "Intersting Engineering" that it is important first to recognize the difference between the two terms used often interchangeably, heat and temperature.

Heat and temperature
Heat is the energy stored within an object, and the heat or cold of that object is measured by temperature. The transfer of heat to an object raises its temperature, and this transition is done in three ways: thermal conductivity and convection and radiation conduction.

Heat in solids is transmitted through thermal conductivity, while it is transmitted by convection in liquids and gases, as well as the surface separating solids from liquids.

What matters to us is radioactivity, the process by which the body releases heat in the form of light. The sun is an excellent example of thermal radiation that transmits heat through the solar system.

We know that temperature affects only matter, but space does not contain enough molecules, which serves as a complete vacuum and an endless space. Therefore, the transfer of heat in space by means of thermal conductivity or convection is impossible, while radioactive conduction remains the only possible possibility.

Between space and Earth
When the heat of the sun shines on an object in the form of radiation, the atoms that make up the body will begin to absorb energy, which in turn begins to move the atoms and make them vibrate and produce heat through this process. Because there is no way to transfer heat, the temperature of objects in space will stay the same for a long time, that is, hot objects remain hot and cold objects remain cold.

But when the sun's radiation enters the Earth's atmosphere, you find a lot of material that can activate it, and this radiation turns into heat.

But the important question here is: what happens if we put something out of the Earth's atmosphere? Answer: Space can freeze or burn you easily.

If an object is placed outside the Earth's atmosphere and is exposed to direct sunlight, its temperature may reach about 120 degrees Celsius. Of the Earth's atmosphere.

However, if we measure the temperature of the empty space between the celestial bodies the temperature will not exceed 3 Kelvin just above the absolute zero degree.

The lesson here is that it can feel the heat of the sun if there is an object absorbed by it. Space is almost immaterial, so it is very cold.

The two extreme sides of heat in space
It is known that the shaded places become cold, and a good example is the atmosphere of the night where the temperature decreases due to the absence of rays that fear that part of the Earth, and in space the same applies, but the temperature difference is very large. Objects in space are exposed to both extreme temperatures and extreme cold on both sides.

For example, the surface of the moon exposed to sunlight is 127 degrees Celsius, while the dark side of it reaches a negative temperature of 173 degrees Celsius.

On the other hand, the Earth is not subjected to the same effects thanks to the atmosphere that reflects the infrared waves coming from the sun, and then the waves entering the Earth's atmosphere are evenly distributed. This explains the gradual change in temperature instead of high temperatures or extreme cold.

The conclusion is that sunlight travels through objects, but in space there are no molecules or atoms to absorb that heat, the temperature of the system remains the same.

The author explains that when there are no objects can be heated the system temperature remains the same, and this applies to space, the sun may travel through it but there are no molecules or atoms to absorb that heat.

So even when sunlight heats a rock for more than 100 degrees Celsius, the surrounding area will not absorb any heat for the same reason. When there is no material that does not transfer heat, so even when the sun is too hot, space remains as cold as snow.