China's founding 70 years. Large-scale celebrations and military parades.
A major celebration and military parade will take place on the Tiananmen Square in Beijing on the 1st, as China is founded in 70 years. Such as trade friction and Hong Kong problem with the United States, among facing a difficult problem at home and abroad, Xi Jinping Jintao appealed to development what China under the Communist Party, and the attempt is made to national prestige carry forward.
Celebrations of the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949 celebrates of the 70 years are founding, begins with Beijing's Tiananmen Square from 1 day at 11 am Japan time, after Xi Jinping Jintao has speech, past The largest military parade takes place.
In China, before the anniversary of the day, how the development of China under the guidance of the Communist Party has been extensively promoted through exhibitions and TV programs, and banners with slogans written throughout the city. It is called for patriotism and unity under the party.
Last year in China, the constitutional amendment lifted the restriction on the term of office of the President of the State, and a political system with a high concentration of power in the President was completed, but in addition to slowing economic growth, Problems such as prolonged protests in Hong Kong that can shake political stability are accumulating.
In Beijing, followed by a military parade, in addition to 100,000 citizens parade to participate is performed, is scheduled to be carried out also celebrations such as fireworks in the evening, Xi Jinping leadership is performed in the grand a series of events In this way, we aim to raise the national prestige and show off the legitimacy of the Communist Party's rule of one party.
"National Day" Appeals to the communist party inside and outside
October 1st is Maui Zedong, the founding father in 1949, at the Tiananmen Square in Beijing, the founding day of the People's Republic.
It is called “National Day” in China, and it is a national holiday after the Chinese New Year “Spring Festival”.
It is a very politically important day for the Communist Party, where celebrations are held in various places and after the Sino-Japanese War, won the civil war with the National Party and took power, appealing to the right to govern the country.
Military parade
In China, a military parade by the PLA has been held on October 1st National Day.
It was held every year from 1949 to 1959, when the People's Republic of China was established, but it has long since stopped due to confusion caused by the Cultural Revolution.
In 1984, when he stepped on the reform and opening-up route, Tou * Kodaira, the military parade was revived for the first time in 25 years, then in 1999, 50 years after the founding, and 2009 and 10 years after the founding 60 Paragraphs have been held at the milestones of the year, with successive leaders reviewing.
* "Ozato" for "Nori"
On the one hand, from the appointed Xi Jinping Jintao in 2013, in addition to the military parade to commemorate the "anti-Japanese war victory 70 years," in September 2015 was held in Beijing, from the People's Liberation Army founded in the year before last July 90 As the years go by, a large reviewing ceremony is taking place in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.
It seems that the Xi President, who pursues absolute power, aims to show off his prestige through military parades and reviews.
This military parade is the largest ever
In this military parade, about 15,000 soldiers will be mobilized, and more than 160 aircraft and 580 tanks will be shown, making it the largest ever.
First in the parade, after Xi Jinping Jintao, which is also the top of the military was reviewing stand troops riding in an open car, following the formation of the aircraft, which listed the Chinese national flag, march of soldiers, laden with weapons, such as tanks and missile vehicle It is scheduled to pass in front of Tiananmen Square in the order of march and flight of aircraft formation, and it will be about 1 hour 20 minutes in total.
Furthermore, after the military parade, a parade of approximately 100,000 citizens will be held for over an hour and 70 floats will also participate.
President Xi “By the mid-century this world ’s top army”
People's Liberation Army, a Chinese military, have taught and conducted the "Central Military Commission", Chief corresponding to the top, has served as the Xi Jinping Jintao.
President Xi has been working on a major military reform since the founding of the country since four years ago, with the goal of “building the world's best army by the middle of this century”.
Specifically, while proceeding to the “integrated operation” system that leads the command of different types of military units such as land, sea, and air, the entire army of China was divided into seven “military zones”. Was reorganized into five “war zones” in the east, west, south, north, and center.
Xi Jinping leadership, such a series of reforms, but we are the advance to the next year, have also promoted reduction of about 300,000 troops, also has come out view that the dissatisfaction of the internal army is recruiting.
Accelerate the modernization of the military
Xi Jinping Jintao of China has rapidly enhanced the equipment of land, sea and air and each army.
In particular, it is focusing on strengthening the naval power to secure marine interests, and the first domestically produced aircraft carrier is expected to be put into service soon. In addition, a large assault landing ship also advanced in September. The attitude of water and advancing into the ocean is clear.
In addition, the Chinese Air Force has expanded its range of activities, deploying a new fighter `` 殲 20 '' that is said to have stealth performance difficult to detect by radar in the operation unit last year, and developing a new long-range bomber It is said that
In addition, it is said that the development of cutting-edge missiles such as the new ICBM = Intercontinental ballistic missile "Dongfeng 41", which is equipped with nuclear warheads and is expected to be within range of the United States.
In addition to the expansion of various weapons, we continue to invest heavily in areas such as cyber, space, and AI = artificial intelligence, accelerating the modernization of the military.
The background to strengthening military power is to show a strong attitude not to compromise on sovereignty issues both in Japan and overseas, and continue to be involved in issues such as Taiwan and the South China Sea, which are positioned as core interests, to counter the conflicting United States over security There seems to be an aim.
In the Defense White Paper released by the Chinese government, while emphasizing that the road to peaceful development will be maintained and defensive defense policies will continue to be taken, the policy of strengthening military power is also clear. There is also a voice to do.
Defense expenses are second in the world
China's defense spending has continued to increase almost every year since 1989, at a rate that is more than 10% above the previous year, and has rapidly expanded its military power.
The growth rate in recent years has been in the single-digit range, but the budget for defense expenditures has been announced to be nearly RMB1.190 trillion, an increase of 7.5% from last year. It is going up.
It is the second largest in the world after the United States, more than three times higher than Japan's defense budget of 5,257.4 billion yen in FY2019.
According to the defense white paper that the Chinese government announced for the first time in four years, the ratio of GDP to GDP is low, and it is reasonable to assume that it is less than a quarter of that of the United States.
However, a detailed breakdown of defense spending has not been published, and it has been pointed out that the actual amount is even higher, and there are some voices that the international community is not transparent enough.
China's economic growth slows down
China's economy has achieved tremendous growth in 70 years since its founding, with GDP = gross domestic product being the second largest in the world. It is.
China's GDP at the beginning of the 1950s, shortly after its founding, is over 60 billion RMB. Since 1978, when it turned to “reform and opening up,” it has achieved unprecedented rapid growth.
Developed as a “world factory” that exports cheap products using domestic abundant labor force after incorporating overseas capital and technology, and surpassed Japan in 2010 to become the second largest economy in the world have become.
Last year, GDP exceeded 90 trillion yuan for the first time, and the Chinese government said that it has grown more than 170 times in real terms, excluding price fluctuations compared to the beginning of the country.
However, the economic growth rate has been slowing down recently, and the growth rate from April to June was 6.2%, the lowest since 1992 when quarterly data was released.
The background is the problem of excessive debt, which can be said to be the result of large-scale investment that has continued for many years, and the debt held by Chinese governments and companies is about 2.5 times that of GDP.
The Chinese government is aggressive in efforts to reduce debt, such as by tightening regulations on financial transactions, but this reaction has made it difficult for small and medium-sized enterprises to procure business funds, causing a brake on the economy.
In addition, the “trade war” with the American Trump administration is driving the slowdown of the economy.
As the United States and China repeatedly reciprocate to add taxes on their imports, companies have begun to refrain from investing in capital if there is no prospect, and movements to move production bases to Southeast Asia and others have begun. The
On the other hand, the traditional growth model may be limited due to rising labor costs, and the Chinese government intends to make high-tech fields such as EV = electric vehicles and next-generation communications represented by 5G the next pillar of growth. , We are promoting the transformation of the industrial structure.
However, the Trump administration is strengthening vigilance against this.
Tightening has spread to a wide range of fields, including severely restricting transactions between communications equipment giant Huawei and American companies, as well as applying similar measures to Chinese semiconductor manufacturers and nuclear power companies.
In July, the Chinese government has launched measures to foster industries on its own, such as creating a new securities market for high-tech venture companies and supporting funding, but it is deepening its conflict with the United States. Has also cast a shadow on the transformation of industrial structure that China is aiming for.