Genome analysis explains the secrets of the adaptation of Antarctic ice fish

I thought the Mahdi

The Antarctic polar ice sheet has rare biological properties that enable it to continue in that frozen area, according to a research paper from the polar genome unit at Korea's Polar Research Institute in Incheon, Korea.

Qualitative characteristics of ice fish
The study, published on 25 February in the Journal of Natural Ecology and Evolution, showed that the Chanocephalus aceratus is characterized by the same quality of the rest of the vertebrates.

The most prominent of these qualities is that they do not have the red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen to all parts of the body, so they swim in the ice-cold water at temperatures below 0 ° C without hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells. To compensate for this, the strain developed a massive heart and vascular system and began to produce anti-freeze sugary proteins to reduce the body's internal temperature.

The study showed that genes involved in protection from glacial damage, including the glycoprotein-coding genes of antifreeze and lipid-zone proteins, had been greatly amplified in the ice-fish genome.

In addition, enzymes encoding genes that help control cellular oxidation have been enhanced to adapt to the relatively high concentration of dissolved oxygen in cold Antarctic waters.

The analysis also revealed that some of the genes of daily organization have been omitted in ice fish, indicating that the daytime and night cycle in the Antarctic area limits the utility of daily organization, where the sun does not appear in summer or winter.

It will be necessary to check whether ice fish actually lack day-night and night-time behavior, and it is likely to be verified by comparing it with creatures living in the Apisoblagic region, an area in the ocean that is located at depths of more than four Thousands of meters, and sunlight can not reach them.

The fin-black genus is an excellent natural model that will help detect genomic contributions in a wide range of Antarctic fish, adapting to extremely low temperatures, high oxygen levels and a highly volatile day in the continent.

The availability of the iceberg genome sequence will accelerate our understanding of adapting to the harsh environments of Antarctica. Any discoveries about these mysterious ice fish will certainly increase our understanding of the adaptation mechanism even with the harshest and hospitable environments.