Number of anti-Semitic acts recorded in France jumped last year, to 1,676 compared to 436 in 2022. Crif report deplores an "explosion" after October 7, the date of the attacks of Hamas against Israel.

Testimonies are multiplying and all the victims describe a hostile climate. Jewish students say they are regularly harassed because of their beliefs. "When someone tells me head-on: 'you deserve what is happening to you', yes, it's hatred of the Jew," says one student.