On March 11, 2004, ten bombs exploded in four "cercanias" (suburban trains) at the Atocha, El Pozo, Santa Eugenia stations, as well as at Calle de Téllez. With 191 dead and more than 1,800 injured, the Madrid attacks constitute to date the terrorist attack with the heaviest death toll perpetrated on European soil.

March 11 was declared "European Day of Commemoration of the Victims of Terrorism". A date which also marks the relaunch of a European strategy to combat terrorism.