The immigration law, promulgated at the end of January, reinforced these requirements. To obtain the multi-year card, it is now necessary to have an intermediate level A2 French diploma.

For the resident card, an advanced B1 level and for nationality, a B2 level. “In whatever country you are, you have to learn the language, it’s important” says Amadou, a Senegalese, who arrived in France 15 years ago.