In academic writing, a strict distinction must be made between one's own and other people's content. Felix Hagenström is responsible for the issue of plagiarism at the "Ombudsman for Science" In the book "Scientific Fairness" he names six types:Copy-and-pasteexpand.

Foreign ideas and texts are reformulated, without reference to the source. The severity of the offense usually depends on the type of work (doctorate, master's thesis or seminar paper)