Opponent Garry Kasparov placed on list of “terrorists and extremists” by Moscow. In 2013, fearing legal action, he left Russia and now lives in the United States.

Already designated as a "foreign agent" by Russia in 2022. Most of the major opponents remaining in Russia are imprisoned. The others ended up going into exile. Garry KasParov is famous for his long duel in the 1980s with another Soviet chess legend, Anatoly Karpov, who later supported Putin.