Missak and Mélinée Manouchian, symbols of foreign resistance in France. The man who was the operational leader of the foreign communist resistance was shot on February 21, 1944 at Mont Valérien near Paris.
His wife, who became French in 1946, survived him until 1989. Both have had stateless status in France since the mid-1920s. Both also joined the Relief Committee for Armenia, which with 7,000 members constitutes the first language section of the Immigrant Labor Force.