The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Center for Cosmology and Crescent Observation is a strategic project that aims to enhance scientific research in the field of cosmology and crescent observation. The center is concerned with monitoring the crescent of the month of Ramadan and other Hijri crescents.

The inauguration of the center comes as part of the Kingdom's Vision 2030, which aims to diversify the economy and support the science and technology sectors. In an interview with Al Jazeera Net, Muhammad Al-Omrani says that scientific research is a major driver of technological development and scientific discoveries.