Former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro rejected allegations of an attempted coup after the 2022 election in a speech to tens of thousands of supporters. The right-wing politician was banned from all political office for eight years by the country's highest electoral court in June last year due to unsubstantiated allegations of electoral fraud.

The Supreme Court is also currently investigating him on suspicion of inciting unrest following his election defeat in October 2022. Sunday's protest was seen as a test of his support ahead of local elections, in which his influence is expected to play a role.