Sweden will become one of the countries with the toughest requirements for citizenship in Europe. "We have been extremely lax," says Migration Minister Maria Malmer Stenergard (M) The language and social knowledge requirement will bring Sweden closer to development in the rest of Europe – where several countries tightened their requirements in the 2000s.

The motives behind legislation are almost as important as how it is drafted, says Andreas Johansson Heinö, doctor of political science and publisher at the market-liberal think tank Timbro.