India has become the most populous country in the world, with more than 1.4 billion inhabitants. Hindus raise fears of the rapid growth of the Muslim population, and of a "great replacement of Hindus" Muslims make up about 15% of India's population.
In recent decades, it has grown faster than that of Hindus, but the fertility rate of Muslim women has since fallen sharply to 2.3 children per woman, which is close to the rate of Hindu women today. Muslim women say they want to have fewer children, but because they are poorer and less educated, they often do not have adequate access to contraception.