A total of four Ainu remains were returned in Hokkaido, Sakhalin, and present-day Australia. The remains were donated to the Australian side by Japan scholars in the 4s and 1910s.
The Australian side indicated its intention to return the remains, and it was decided that they would be returned after negotiations between the two governments. A ceremony was held in Melbourne with the participation of Ainu organizations to pay their respects to the dead. On the other hand, the remains of Aboriginal people in Australia are said to be on the Japan side.