“Duty to warn”: why the United States warned Russia before the Moscow attack. Fifteen days before the attack on Crocus City Hall by Tajik terrorists from the Islamic State group in Khorasan, Washington had warned Moscow of an imminent attack.

“We had a duty to warn them of the information that we had and that they clearly did not have,” declared John Kirby on March 25. The practice became widespread after the attacks committed by al-Qaeda against the American embassies in Tanzania and Kenya on August 7, 1998.