Why can China's anti-epidemic materials top up (open talk)
■In a special period, the reason why the epidemic prevention materials made in China quickly topped up, in addition to the production capacity in the world, the fundamental reason is the ability to adapt to market and organization and coordination. The export of China's anti-epidemic materials is not only an urgent need for the global anti-epidemic, but also an organic combination of achieving the "benefit" of other countries and showing the "righteousness" of the country.
With the spread of the New Coronary Pneumonia epidemic worldwide, the demand for anti-epidemic materials in various countries has surged. Only the global mask consumption is at least hundreds of millions per day. According to the survey in early April, the number of ventilators owned by medical institutions around the world can only meet 1/10 of the demand. In order to resolve the urgent need for anti-epidemic materials in various countries, China can be said to have made great efforts. In March and April this year, in just two months, the country’s customs inspected and exported major anti-epidemic materials worth 71.2 billion yuan, and the number of masks alone reached 27.8 billion.
As a major manufacturing country in the world today, most of China's anti-epidemic assets can rank first in the world. For example, China's mask production capacity accounts for more than half of the world. During this period, China's anti-epidemic materials-related industries have large scale and full advantage of the complete industrial chain.
However, the epidemic situation is sudden, even if there is usually a large capacity, it can not cope with the unexpected arrival of daily orders. It is important to know that on ordinary days, the market for products related to anti-epidemic in the international market is limited, and the supply and demand are generally balanced. However, the outbreak of this epidemic is an emergency. In the short term, the supply of anti-epidemic materials in the international market is inevitable. In the author's opinion, the reason why Chinese companies can contribute to the global fight against the epidemic, in addition to their own production capacity in the world, the fundamental reason is that they have the two capabilities of market response and organizational coordination.
On the one hand, the relevant production enterprises have a strong adaptability to the unexpected situation in domestic and foreign markets. During the outbreak of the Chinese epidemic, many anti-epidemic material production enterprises were suspended during the Spring Festival, and the difficulty of resuming production can be imagined, but the related companies still find ways to create conditions for resuming production, including actively organizing personnel to return to work and improving employees' epidemic prevention conditions. And related treatments. As of February 7, the national mask production enterprises have reached 73% of the resumption rate in terms of production capacity, and between March and April, the national mask daily production capacity increased by 21 times compared with before the outbreak.
On the other hand, under the existing industrial ecology, the ability of organization and coordination has supported the expansion of anti-epidemic assets. Without the coordinated linkage of the industrial chain, it is difficult for any company to expand its production capacity alone in a short period of time. The National Development and Reform Commission started to coordinate from the aspects of implementing raw material supply and solving logistics difficulties, and organized the resumption of production in key areas in an orderly manner. Facing the rapid expansion of downstream mask production capacity, the supply of meltblown cloth, one of the important raw materials for masks, is seriously in short supply in the domestic market. Under the unified coordination of the country, Sinopec has stepped up to build the world's largest production base of meltblown fabrics with an annual production capacity of more than 13,500 tons. These meltblown fabrics can be used to produce 13.5 billion masks.
Despite the huge foreign demand for China's anti-epidemic materials, the production of anti-epidemic materials is also a matter of life and death. We emphasize that unjust wealth is not desirable, and we must have zero tolerance for counterfeit and shoddy products. The more urgent the foreign demand for anti-epidemic materials in China is, the more honest we are. The government departments will not sloppy in quality control. To this end, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs, and the State Administration of Market Supervision and Administration issued the "Announcement on Further Strengthening the Supervision of the Quality of Anti-epidemic Materials Exports" on April 25. In the management of foreign trade, many corners that need to be guarded have been paid attention to. For example, in view of the need to meet the relevant quality regulatory requirements for the export of new coronavirus detection reagents, medical masks, medical protective clothing, ventilators, infrared thermometers and non-medical masks, the country has recently suspended the simplified declaration and other customs clearance facilities under market procurement化Measures. It is not difficult to see that in terms of exporting anti-epidemic materials, the Chinese government has been committed to standardizing the export market order of anti-epidemic materials, providing qualified anti-epidemic materials to the international market, and actively supporting countries in fighting the epidemic.
It is not difficult to see from this epidemic that we have achieved "big" results. We do want to "strengthen" China's manufacturing industry, but we must not ignore the "growth" of China's manufacturing industry. Without such a complete industrial chain as a support and without such a large-scale economy as a guarantee, it is difficult for China's anti-epidemic materials to contribute to the anti-epidemic countries of the world in such a short time.
At this moment, we also need to have a longer-term thinking, that is, where will the huge capacity of these anti-epidemic materials go after the epidemic? The scale of China's manufacturing industry ranks first in the world, in addition to the emergency support capability, it also needs the ability to convert emergency assets. In this global anti-epidemic process, our related industries have achieved the capacity conversion from the normal state to the emergency state. For example, BYD, which produces new energy vehicles, begins to produce masks. When the future epidemic situation stabilizes, the production capacity of related anti-epidemic materials There will be a lot of idle, how can the emergency capacity be returned to normal capacity when the time comes? This is an issue that companies need to consider, and it is also a problem that governments need to consider. The author believes that it is possible to learn from foreign experience and improve the legislative system from the government's relevant expropriation and compensation mechanisms to ensure the smooth conversion of normal production capacity and emergency production capacity.
All in all, the export of Chinese national defense epidemic materials is not only an urgent need for global anti-epidemic, but it can also be said to be an organic combination of the "benefit" of other countries and the manifestation of the "righteousness" of the country.
(Bai Ming's author is the deputy director of the International Market Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce)