Prevent sand and stop desert, protect green water and green mountains together
[To build a community of life on earth together]
June 17 is the 27th World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought.
The international theme of this year's World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought is "restoring the ecology, protecting the land, and reviving the economy."
The theme of our country is "Landscapes, forests, fields, lakes, grasses and sand to govern man and nature in harmony."
At present, what progress has been made in my country's national defense and desertification co-governance?
How to prevent sand and stop desert and protect green water and green mountains together?
How to learn from each other and develop together to improve the level of global desertification prevention and control?
Recently, the reporter went to Hebei, Shanxi, Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project site to conduct a first-line investigation, and conducted interviews on relevant issues.
Continue to control desertification, and continuously achieve "double reduction" in desertification and desertification areas across the country
Standing on the sand dunes of Tianmo in the southwest of Xiaonanxinbao Town, Huailai County, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, the Guanting Reservoir on the north is as clear as a belt, wind generators dot the shore, and the Jundu Mountain Range on the south is lush.
"This desert was deliberately preserved after sand control and became a scenic spot for tourists to visit and experience." said Lu Guide, a villager in Dalu Village, Xinbao Town, Xiaonan.
The 63-year-old Lu Guide is a local pioneer in desertification control.
Speaking of Tianmo's past and present lives, the native Lu Guide talked freely.
"In the past, there was a breeze a year, from spring to winter, when people were covered in sand every day." Lu Guide said that in spring, yellow sand filled the house, and the sand was blown into the house and "painted" all the furniture in the house. It turns yellow, and it is commonplace to block the door with yellow sand.
After the start of the Three North Shelterbelt Project, Lu Guide, who was 22 years old, joined the "Afforestation Army."
"It's really bitter to plant trees." Lu Guide said, planting trees on the hillside, the soil is only about 2 centimeters, a pickaxe down is a stone, with a pickaxe to pick the stone, a day to dig more than a dozen tree pits is considered too much.
"The water was poured down and it soaked directly into the sand. Now the small saplings that survived were all watered by the townspeople one by one. It was not easy." Lu Guide said, pointing to the shelter forest in the distance.
Starting from Damao Banner in Inner Mongolia in the west, Pingquan City in Hebei in the east, Daixian County in Shanxi in the south, and Dongwuzhumuqin Banner in Inner Mongolia in the north. Like Lu Guide, generations of sand prevention and control people have lived on the vast land of 458,000 square kilometers. , The construction of the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project to make the former desert mountain village green.
Since the implementation of the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project 20 years ago, a total of 9.029 million hectares of forests have been completed, the forest coverage rate in the project area has increased from 10.59% to 18.67%, the comprehensive vegetation coverage has increased from 39.8% to 45.5%, and the area of desertified land has decreased on an average annual rate. 432 square kilometers.
The report card of the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project reflects my country's historic achievements in combating desertification.
Guan Zhiou, director of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, pointed out that for decades, China has promulgated and implemented the Sand Prevention and Sand Control Law, continued to implement key ecological projects such as the construction of the Three-North Shelterbelt System and the control of the source of sandstorms in Beijing and Tianjin, which has promoted a significant reduction in the area of desertified land. The ecological status and production and living conditions have improved significantly.
Since 2004, the area of desertification and desertification across the country has achieved "double reduction" for three consecutive monitoring periods, and my country has generally achieved a historic transition from "sand advancement and human retreat" to "green advancement and sand retreat".
Sand prevention and control have improved the microclimate in some areas, enriched biodiversity, and reproduced the beautiful scene of "seeing cattle and sheep when the wind blows through the grass."
Scientific desertification control, achieving a win-win situation between desertification prevention and control and the economic development of desert areas
Walking into Daquan Mountain, Yanggao County, Datong City, Shanxi Province, is like being in a green ocean.
Here, the sky is blue and green, surrounded by flowers and trees.
More than 50 tree species such as Chinese pine, Pinus sylvestris, spruce, Xinjiang poplar, weeping willow, Chinese locust tree, apricot, apple, and pear tree make the barren hills green.
On the top of Daquan Mountain in Yanggao County, the tree species such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus sylvestris, Chinese Sophora japonicus, seabuckthorn, and cloves are clearly distinguishable.
"In the process of afforestation, we adhere to the combination of needle and broadleaf and forest and grass. Different tree species are planted on the sun and shade of the mountain. A variety of tree species can help resist natural disasters and pests." said Chai Fengyu, head of the Desertification Control Section of Datong City.
In Youyu County, Shanxi Province, the past and present changes of three generations of tree species vividly demonstrate the scientific concept of greening.
"The first-generation tree species is the young poplar. This poplar is neither tall nor sturdy, and even grows crookedly. The young poplar is a pioneer tree species for the greening of Youyu. More than 90% of the desertified land in Youyu has been treated. Lao Yang is the prime minister." Zhao Shouzhong, an engineer from Youyu County Forestry Bureau, said that since then, pine trees have succeeded Xiao Lao Yang as the main force in sand control. Pine trees can not only improve the function of forest land, but also build a new barrier against wind and sand fixation.
The third-generation tree species includes nearly 40 tree species such as crabapple tree and golden leaf elm. These tree species not only beautify the environment, but also have economic benefits.
Scientific sand control and green development have not only improved the efficiency of sand control, but also brought comprehensive benefits.
In the prevention and control of sand, all localities actively guide the sandy areas to exert their comparative advantages, scientifically develop and utilize the resources of light, heat, wind, and land in the sandy areas, and actively and orderly develop the characteristic planting and breeding of the sandy areas, desert tourism, and biomass energy to enrich the people. Industry, to realize ecological industrialization and industrial ecologicalization, to drive the people to stabilize employment, increase income and become rich, and achieve a win-win situation for desertification prevention and control and economic development in desert areas.
At present, the characteristic industries in the desert areas of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places have shown the development trend of scale, branding, and clustering, which has driven the income increase of farmers and herdsmen in the desert areas and the transformation and upgrading of the regional economy.
In recent years, the per capita net income of farmers in Ruoqiang, Wensu and other counties and cities in Xinjiang has accounted for more than 60% of the total income.
Cooperation in desertification control, desertification control requires countries to work together to deal with it
This spring, nine sandstorms occurred in the northern region, which aroused widespread concern from all walks of life.
"The dust weather this spring mainly originated from Mongolia. At present, Mongolia's land desertification has reached 87%, and it has deteriorated sharply in recent years." Hu Peixing, deputy director of the Desertification Prevention and Control Department of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, said that the formation of sand and dust usually requires three Basic conditions: sand and dust sources, high winds, unstable atmospheric stratification.
Among them, the source of sand and dust is the material condition, the strong wind is the power source, and the unstable atmosphere stratification is the thermal condition.
The dusty weather in this spring once again showed that facing the challenge of desertification, all countries are a community of interdependent and shared destiny. No country can stand alone, and all countries need to work together to deal with it.
Hu Peixing analyzed and pointed out that desertification control is a global problem and a long-term task.
Desertification, known as "the cancer of the earth," threatens the survival and development of two-thirds of countries and regions and one-fifth of the world’s population.
Around the world, about 331 square kilometers of land are degraded into deserts or deserts every day, causing US$1.3 billion in economic losses.
Over the years, my country has conscientiously implemented the "United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification" and systematically promoted desertification prevention in my country. It has established a number of internationally focused typical governance models such as Kubuqi and Saihanba, and created "green into sand and retreat" and "green and rich together". "Xing" governance model.
On this basis, actively participate in convention affairs, lead the development of the convention, promote international cooperation, and become an important participant, contributor, and leader in the global desertification prevention and control cause.
The relevant person in charge of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration stated that during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, my country will fully implement the closure protection and restoration system, strengthen the construction of sandified land closure protection areas and national desert parks, establish a desert ecological protection compensation system, and promote the rehabilitation of desert vegetation. Consolidate the results of desertification control.
At the same time, in accordance with the concept of "more daylighting, less water, new technology, and high efficiency", a modern industrial system integrating planting, breeding, production, supply and marketing, agriculture, culture and tourism in desert areas will be built to accelerate the pace of rural revitalization.
Continue to deepen compliance and international cooperation, share China's experience in desertification control with the world, and promote global desertification prevention and control to a new level.
(Reporter Li Hui)