The former Egyptian President, Mohamed Hosni Mubarak, passed away after 30 years in power, and 10 years between the courts and hospitals, following a popular revolution that erupted in Egypt on January 25, 2011, and forced him to step down on February 11 of the same year, in a historical event.
After stepping down from the ruling, he refused to flee outside Egypt after many countries made offers to host him, but because of his nature as a warrior he preferred to continue in Egypt and face all the accusations that followed him.
Mohamed Hosni El-Sayed Mubarak, and his reputation as Hosni Mubarak, is the fourth president of the Arab Republic of Egypt from October 14, 1981, succeeding Mohamed Anwar Sadat, until February 11, 2011.
Former President Muhammad Hosni Mubarak was born on May 4, 1928 in Kafr Al-Masilhah, Menoufia Governorate; he graduated from the Air College in 1950, rose to military positions until he reached the position of Chief of Staff of the Air Force War, then Commander of the Air Force in April 1972, and led the Egyptian Air Force during a war October 1973.
Mubarak was the commander of the Egyptian Air Force during the October 1973 war, and he was the owner of the first air strike that shook Israel and caused it to panic and lose control, which had a major role in the victory of the Egyptians, until he became known as the "owner of the air strike", and victory was achieved then.
In 1975, the late Egyptian President, Mohamed Anwar Sadat, chose him as a vice president, and after the assassination of Sadat in 1981, he assumed the presidency of the Republic after a popular referendum; It is the first direct multi-party elections, and Mubarak renewed his term for a fourth time by winning it.
His term of office until he departed from the ruling on February 11, 2011 is the fourth longest period of rule in the Arab region - among those who were alive at the time, after the Sultan of Oman, the late Sultan Qaboos bin Saeed, the former Yemeni president Ali Abdullah Saleh, and the tallest among kings and presidents Egypt since Muhammad Ali Pasha.
Mubarak completed the peace negotiations that the late President Sadat started with Israel and then recovered the rest of it, which is the Taba region, through international arbitration in 1989.
Mubarak succeeded in restoring Egyptian-Arab relations that were severed due to the differences between most Arab countries and the late President Sadat after he signed the peace agreement with Israel, and the headquarters of the League of Arab States returned to Cairo in 1990 after 11 years of its transfer to Tunisia.
In August 1990, he ordered the participation of the Egyptian army in a strength (40,000 soldiers) in the US-led coalition to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation.
On January 25, 2011, it was a pivotal moment in Mubarak's life, and it was the straw that divided his authority, as some 20,000 opponents of the government demonstrated across Egypt.
Mubarak is considered to have chosen to step aside without spilling more blood. On February 11 of the same year, his deputy Omar Suleiman announced on official television that Mubarak had abdicated and assumed the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces managing the country's affairs.
In the same month (February), the Public Prosecutor issued a decision to prevent Mubarak and his family members from traveling outside the country and to preserve their money, as part of an investigation into a series of corruption cases that have befallen him and his family.
Mubarak continued to visit hospitals after being interrogated by the Public Prosecution in April 2011, until he issued an order to imprison him for 15 days pending investigations into accusations of abuse of power during his reign, seizing public money, and killing protesters.
Mubarak was convicted in the issue of presidential palaces, which led to him abandoning any rank or Nishan (decoration) he had acquired earlier, during his tenure in the armed forces or his assumption of the position of Vice President (April 16, 1975 - October 14, 1981) and then the President of the Republic ( October 14, 1981 - February 11, 2011).
The direct appearance on Mubarak state television and his two sons Alaa and Gamal before a court in Cairo was an important event for the Egyptians, as Mubarak and his two sons were interrogated in the case of the killing of protesters.
Mubarak also appeared on the air in another session related to the trial of former President Mohamed Morsi in the case of storming the Egyptian borders in the Friday of Rage (January 28, 2011).
Mubarak was famous for several national projects, and he was a well-known fame in the Arab world, because of his foreign policies, which some believe were moderate, and maintained good relations with most of the countries in the Middle East.
Throughout his rule, Mubarak was a close ally of the United States, an opponent of extremism in the region, and a guardian of peace between Egypt and Israel.