[Report File] AZ that hurts if it is right... Will Baculo Virus Vaccine Overcome Disadvantages?

Your body can make its own antibodies that respond to viruses.

With antibodies, our body can resist the virus.

This is because antibodies contain'neutralizing antibodies' that neutralize and reduce the virulence of the virus.

When the virus first enters, it is susceptible to disease because the body is very vulnerable because there is no antibody, but once infected with the virus, antibodies are produced.

Then, when the same virus enters again, the formed antibody quickly eliminates the virus or triggers an immune response.

That is why it is a'vaccine' to gain immunity by making antibodies before infection.

The current corona 19 virus has a peculiar'spike' on its surface, which binds to the cells in the body, and after the conjugation, the virus enters the cells and infection occurs.

Antibodies search for the specific bumps of this virus.

The important thing is that antibodies are made even if only'fake bumps' that look like the bumps of Corona 19 are in the body.

So, the vaccine was contemplating how to make the'fake bump' of the coronavirus.

Various vaccines have been developed in different ways so far, and their advantages and disadvantages have also become clear.

Let's look at the vaccines currently in circulation.

Four vaccines

The most basic method is a dead vaccine, such as an influenza vaccine.

In simple terms, it puts a dead virus into your body.

The shape of the dead coronavirus remains the same, so the shape of the protrusion remains the same.

So the body reacts and makes antibodies.

The method of making is relatively simple, but some pathogenicity of the virus remains, which can cause disease and has the disadvantage of not causing cellular immunity.

Therefore, even if antibodies are formed, there is also a disadvantage that there is no therapeutic effect if infection occurs against the mutant virus.

It is China's'Sino Farm' that uses this method.

mRNA

The mRNA vaccine uses a method that manipulates cells in our body to make the cells themselves fake bumps.

mRNA is the genetic material within the cell that gives commands to the cell.

These vaccines inject mRNA directly into the body.

When this mRNA enters the cell, it commands the cell to produce a'fake bump' similar to COVID-19.

The body then creates an antibody to counteract this fake bump and naturally gains immunity against Corona 19.

Vaccines using this method are Pfizer and Modena.

But the biggest problem is that mRNA is a very unstable and vulnerable substance.

So, to store mRNA, extreme conditions of -80℃ are required.

Therefore, storage and distribution are not easy even in developed countries, and in countries where distribution technology is not developed, there is a disadvantage that it is difficult to obtain vaccination conditions even with vaccines.

Virus Vector DNA Vaccine

There are ways to overcome these shortcomings.

It's putting the genetic material that can make the corona 19 bumps into our cells in a different way.

Other viruses can deliver DNA to cells in your body.

AstraZeneca (hereafter AZ) vaccine uses this method.

The AZ vaccine puts the corona protrusion-forming gene (DNA) in the'adenovirus'.

When this is injected into the body, it transmits the dendritic gene that adenovirus had to the cells in the body, making it immune to the corona as well.

Because it is a virus-based vaccine, it has a great advantage.

Viruses have good viability, just as viruses are spreading at room temperature right now.

So these vaccines are easy to store at room temperature.

However, it also has its drawbacks.

The virus is likely to have some pathogenicity, and in fact the body is infected with the virus.

The AZ vaccine actually injects adenovirus into our body.

Adenovirus is a virus that causes cold-like symptoms such as high fever, cough, and pain in our body.

Because pathogenic viruses enter our body, not only the corona vaccine gene is delivered and expressed, but also numerous viral genes of adenovirus enter cells and are expressed, resulting in side effects caused by these proteins.

Therefore, there is a view that viral vaccines such as AZ may cause more side effects than mRNA vaccines such as Pfizer.

So, studies are being conducted to overcome these shortcomings.

Baculo virus vector vaccine under development

The research team of Professor Kim Young-bong of Konkuk University is currently researching a corona DNA vaccine that uses a virus that is harmless to the human body as a gene carrier.

The same principle as AZ, but the virus used is different.

The research team developed a vaccine for MERS and COVID-19 using'baculovirus', not adenovirus.

By manipulating the baculovirus gene, it has the corona 19 protrusion gene and puts it in the body.

The advantage of baculovirus is that viral genes only work in insect cells, not animal cells.

In simple terms, people don't get baculovirus.

Our bodies don't get baculovirus, and only corona antibodies can be produced, so there are fewer side effects.

In particular, in the case of the AZ vaccine, two doses are required, but since the adenovirus that our body recognizes is put in, there is a risk that adenovirus antibodies are already made when vaccination against the secondary or mutant virus, and the effect may be reduced.

The research team explains that baculovirus is unlikely to be less effective in repeated vaccinations because the body does not respond.

After infecting hamsters with COVID-19, the research team looked at weight loss and lung tissue.

Hamsters who did not receive any treatment showed symptoms of pneumonia and confirmed that they were infected with coronavirus, whereas hamsters who received baculovirus vaccine (AcHERV-COVID19 S) had normal lungs and almost no virus after 14 days.

In particular, in the same way, it was confirmed that the effect on the MERS virus, which was prevalent in 2015, is also great.

When an experiment was conducted on mice infected with MERS, all mice infected with MERS had a high mortality rate and died after about 11 days, but all individuals who received the vaccine (AcHERV-MERS S, S1) survived.

The findings of the study were published in Nature's sister magazine, npj Vaccines, on March 19th.

(Human endogenous retrovirus-enveloped baculoviral DNA vaccines against MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV2) Since it is still in the animal testing stage, clinical trial studies along with non-clinical studies are needed.

As Korea does not currently have its own vaccine and relies solely on foreign technology, there is a serious disruption in the supply and demand of vaccines.

Corona population immunity is also slowing accordingly.

Even if the Corona 19 situation is resolved, MERS and mutated Corona-X can continue to appear in the future, so securing a vaccine production platform using domestic technology remains the most important task.