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Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez (G) and UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres at the opening of the COP25 summit in Madrid on 2 December 2019. REUTERS / Sergio Perez

In Madrid, the 25th UN Conference, the Cop 25, opened on Monday, 2 December. A two-week meeting during which the 195 signatory countries of the Paris agreement will try to revise upward their ambitions to deal with global warming. This is to prepare 2020. But it looks complicated, as evidenced by the first interventions.

" What is still missing is the political will ," said UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres in his opening speech . And we must recognize that the absence of high-level representatives at this Cop 25 of countries such as China, Japan, Canada, Australia is right.

As for the United States, which has just confirmed its withdrawal from the Paris agreement , they sent a simple diplomat. However, this does not prevent American experts from participating in technical negotiations.

Technical negotiations, but important ones that will focus on the carbon market, which must be completely revised due to obsolescence and the financing of losses and damages related to the impacts of global warming.

But it is especially during these two weeks to prepare the big date of 2020 Cop 26 that will take place in Glasgow and during which states will have to commit in a binding way on reductions of gas emission with effect of greenhouse.

At the current rate, the average temperature of the globe could rise to 4 or 5 degrees by the end of the century. What concrete response can country representatives make to this issue? And how far can they agree? Beginning of response in Madrid during these two weeks.