Yaimé Pérez took Olympic bronze in Tokyo and was one of the medal favorites ahead of the WC in Eugene.
After finishing seventh in the final, she thus chose not to return to Cuba, but fled the team during a layover in Miami.
She is the third person from the Cuban delegation to leave the team during the championship.
Earlier, javelin thrower Yiselena Ballar and physiotherapist Carlos González took the opportunity.
Earlier this year, Olympic gold medalist in Wrestling, Isamel Borrero, Olympic silver medalist in long jump, Juan Miguel Echevarría, and Olympic gold medalist in canoeing, Fernando Jorge, also chose to leave the country.
According to the BBC, Yaimé Pérez's actions were characterized by a "serious lack of discipline" by Cuban representatives.