The Tokyo Paralympics will start on the 24th.
From the creators of the Paralympics to the tallest Paralympians, the "100" you need to know about the Paralympics.
(Quoted from the official website of the Tokyo 2020 Organizing Committee)
1. There is a competition that will be adopted for the first time at the Tokyo Paralympics. Badminton and taekwondo.
2. Tokyo held the Paralympics in 1964. At this tournament, Tokyo will be the first city to host the Paralympics twice.
3. The Tokyo Paralympic mascot is called "Someity". Someity was born from Yoshino cherry tree, which is a typical variety of cherry blossoms, and "so mighty" in English.
4. The refugee team at the Tokyo Games consists of six athletes. The breakdown is 5 boys and 1 girl. Ibrahim Al Hussein, a swimmer from Syria who lost a part of his right leg in the civil war, and Shaharad Nasazipur, a men's discus thrower from Iran, have participated in two consecutive tournaments following the Rio tournament.
The other four are all their first appearances, Abas Karimi from Afghanistan who will compete in swimming, and Alfait Hakijimana from Burundi in Africa who will participate in Taekwondo, and Anas, who is from Syria and will participate in canoeing. Al Harifa and Alia Issa, the first female player in the refugee team to throw a land canoe.
5. The Tokyo Paralympic torch is designed with the image of a flame. The five flames created by the petals unite in the center of the torch, giving it a greater glow.
6. The two sports, boccia and goalball, are unique to the Paralympics.
7. The 2016 Rio Games set a new record for TV viewing with a cumulative total of 4.1 billion viewers. It is expected to exceed this number at the Tokyo Games.
8. Hungary's Pearl Szekeresh was the first and only athlete to win a gold medal in wheelchair fencing at the 1992 Barcelona Games and (at this time) both Olympic and Paralympic medals.
He won the bronze medal at the 1988 Seoul Olympics as a professional fencer, but suffered a bus accident in 1991.
9. In the 2016 Rio Games, where Algeria's Abdellatif Baka won the Paralympic record of 3: 48.29, the 1500m T13 (visually impaired class) final, all the top four were from the 2016 Rio Olympics. He set a time faster than the gold medalist of the same category.
10. The Paralympics originated from the opening of a Spinal Cord Injury Center at Stoke Mandeville Hospital by Ludwig Gutmann, a Jewish doctor in exile from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom.
11. On July 29, 1948, the 1st Stoke Mandeville Games, the predecessor of the Paralympics, was held, with 16 injured soldiers competing in archery.
12. In 1960, on the same day as the Olympic Games, the Stoke Mandeville Games were held in Rome, Italy, with 400 athletes from 23 countries participating.
The tournament was later positioned as the 1st Paralympic Games.
13. The International Paralympic Committee (IPC) was established in 1989 as the global governing body for the Paralympic Movement.
14. At the 2016 Rio Games, canoeing and triathlon made their debut at the Paralympics.
In canoeing, Britain monopolizes three gold medals in the sixth event.
In the triathlon, the United States won two gold medals, one silver medal and one bronze medal.
15. Former American swimmer Trisha Zorn has won 55 medals (including 32 gold medals), the highest number of Paralympians.
She was an athlete from 1980 to 2004.
16. Sweden's Jonas Jacobsson has won a total of 27 medals in shooting, including 17 gold medals, the most for men's Paralympians.
He made his Paralympic debut at the Arnhem 1980 Games in the Netherlands at the age of 15, played 10 games in a row until the final 2016 Rio Games, and retired at the age of 51.
17. The tallest Paralympian is Iran's sitting volleyball player Morteza Mehrzad.
Height 2m46cm is said to be the second tallest in the world.
He contributed to winning the gold medal at the 2016 Rio Games.
18. Darts, a sport that combines the elements of darts and archery, was once a Paralympic sport.
It was adopted as one of eight competitions at the first competition held in Rome in 1960.
19. In the para-shooting air rifle event, you shoot a bullseye that is only 0.05 cm wide, which is about the size of a period printed on a paper page.
20. Australian shooter Libby Kosmala entered the 2016 Rio Games at the age of 74 and became the oldest Paralympian.
Although currently retired, he participated in 12 Paralympics from 1972 to 2016, winning 12 medals in shooting (9 gold medals, 3 silver medals) and a bronze medal in swimming.
21. Visually impaired runners are connected to their companion (guide runner) with small straps on their arms and hands.
22. Visually impaired runners must always finish before the guide runner.
23. At the 2000 Sydney Games, the Japanese national team for wheelchair basketball defeated the Dutch national team and won the bronze medal. This is the first time that the Japanese women's national team has won the medal since the 1984 New York Stokeman Devil Tournament, when they first participated in the Paralympics.
24. Spanish para-archery Antonio Revolro fired an arrow of fire at the opening ceremony of the 1992 Barcelona Olympic Games towards the Olympic torch. It is the only Paralympian that ignited the Olympic torch.
25. In wheelchair tennis, players are allowed to bounce the ball twice.
26. In wheelchair basketball, players can ride in their wheelchair twice between dribbles, shots and passes. If you row more than 3 times, it is considered a traveling foul.
27. In blind soccer, a sighted guide gives instructions to players from behind the opponent's goal.
28. The red circles on the outside of both sleeves of the Paralympic judo suit (white, blue) indicate that you are a B1 (blind) class player, which means that your eyesight is very low and you cannot detect light.
29. Para-badminton wheelchair 2 class and standing 1 class (lower limb disorder) singles are performed using half of the court (half court).
30. In the wake of the 2008 Beijing Paralympics, infrastructure was developed to improve access to popular tourist destinations in China. Elevators and wheelchair ramps have been installed on the Great Wall of China, and the 600-year-old Forbidden City and Forbidden City have also been made barrier-free.
31. According to the Office for National Statistics, the number of people with disabilities employed in the United Kingdom in 2018 was 3.85 million, nearly 1 million more than before the 2012 London Paralympics.
32. Para Taekwondo has world champions from almost every continent, including Denmark's Lisa Gessing, Iran's Mahdi Pranama, America's Evan Medell, England's Amy Truthdale and Mongolia. Famous players such as Boror Erdene Gambasto will participate in the Tokyo Games.
33. Goalball is open to visually impaired athletes of all levels, so all athletes should wear eye shades to compete fairly.
34. The word "Paralympic" was first used in official documents at the 1964 Tokyo Games.
35. The Paralympics and the Olympic Games began to be held in the same city after the 1988 Games in Seoul.
36. The word "Paralympic" comes from the Greek prepositions "para" (along, parallel) and the words "Olympic". The implication is that the Paralympics are a tournament that runs in parallel with the Olympics, indicating that the two movements coexist.
37. Para-equestrian is the only artistic sport in the Paralympic Games. Para-equestrian includes mixed dressage eyes (group, individual, free acting), and athletes are divided into five classes according to the type and degree of physical or visual disability.
38. The Paralympic symbol (Three Agitos) is composed of three colors, red, blue and green, which are most often used in the flags of the world.
The three Agitos (Latin for "I move"), which are placed around a circle, symbolize "movement" and emphasize the role of the Paralympic movement in which athletes from all over the world gather and compete. increase.
39. In blind soccer and goalball games, the spectators must watch quietly as players rely on the sound of the ball to play.
40. In Olympic volleyball, the net is separated by a high net (2m43cm for boys, 2m24cm for girls), but in sitting volleyball, the net height is lower than volleyball, 1m15cm for boys and 1m5cm for girls.
41. Wheelchair rugby was initially called "Murderball" because of its intensity.
42. In the Paracanoe of the Tokyo Games, Ver will be added as an event for the first time in the Paralympics.
In the Ver event, an outrigger (float) for balancing is attached to either the left or right side of the main body.
Unlike kayaks, the paddles used have blades on only one side.
43. The first official IPC video game "THE PEGASUS DREAM TOUR" with the theme of the Paralympics has been created for the Tokyo Games.
44. Netflix's Paralympic movie "Rising Phoenix: Paralympic and Human Potential" is a 4 of the Sports Emmy Awards "Outstanding Long Sports Documentary," "Outstanding Camera Work," "Outstanding Editing," and "Outstanding Music Direction." Nominated for the category.
45. Ibrahim Hamato, an armless Egyptian para table tennis player who participated in the 2016 Rio Games, plays with a racket in his mouth.
46. Paralympic legendary power lifter Sherif Othman of Egypt lifts more than 200 kg, about four times his weight in the men's 59 kg class.
This is equivalent to 140 bags of flour.
47. The distance of the paraboat was 1000m until the 2016 Rio Games, but from the Tokyo Games it will be contested at 2000m, which is the same as the Olympic Games.
48. Blind soccer is played on a pitch of 40m x 20m, and there are fences with a height of 1m on both sides to prevent players and the ball from breaking the sideline.
49. There are two types of para-archery: "recurve", which is a common bow, and "compound", which has a pulley at the tip so that you can shoot an arrow even if the force to pull the string is weak.
Compounds are not included in the Olympic Games.
50. In Boccia, the target white ball is called the "jack ball" and the person who throws the ball closest to the jack ball can score points.
51. In sitting volleyball, players must always play in a sitting position and the hips (including the butt-to-shoulder torso) must be in contact with the floor when playing the ball.
52. Rwanda was the first African representative to send a women's sitting volleyball team to the 2016 Rio Games.
Rwanda has won the 2019 African Championships and has also qualified for the Tokyo Games.
53. Swimming Natalie du Toit was the first athlete to participate in the Beijing Olympics in 2008 as a lost limb.
In the same year, he also participated in the Beijing Paralympics and is a South African star who finally won five gold medals in five competitions.
After winning a total of 13 gold medals at the Paralympics, he finally retired from the 2012 London Games.
54. Sareh Javanmardi won the 2016 Rio Games shooting with P2 (Women's 10m Air Pistol SH1) and then P4 (Mixed 50m Pistol SH1), becoming the first women's gold medalist in Iran's history. rice field.
55. In para-cycling, tandem bicycles are used for visually impaired athletes, with a former rider called a pilot manipulating the steering wheel.
56. The big difference between the Paralympic and Olympic judo is how to start the game.
In the Paralympics, judoka grab each other's collar and sleeves and start from a combined state.
57. Dutch wheelchair tennis player Esther Vergeer retired from the 2012 London Games with 470 consecutive victories and seven gold medals at the Paralympics for over a decade.
58. Wheelchair There are two types of wheelchairs for rugby, one for offense and one for defense.
Offensive wheelchairs have round bumpers, and defensive wheelchairs have long bumpers protruding forward to stop the opponent's movement.
59. The world record for powerlifting is a staggering 310kg set by the late Iranian Siamand Rahman in the men's 107kg class at the 2016 Rio Games.
60. As a rule peculiar to Taekwondo in the Paralympics, only foot movements on the torso are effective attacks, and kicking on the head is a foul, and 1 point is given to the opponent.
61. In boccia, a pair of compasses (calipers) is set between one ball and a jack ball, and the distance is compared with the distance from the jack ball of another ball to determine which is closer.
The referee may also use other instruments to get the correct results.
62. Natalia Partyka of Poland, who won five Paralympic table tennis medals, is one of the few para-athletes who also participated in the 2008 Beijing, 2012 London and 2016 Rio Olympics.
I will participate in this year's Tokyo Olympics and will also participate in the Tokyo Paralympics.
63. Brazil's Petrúcio Ferreira (T46 / 47 at 10:42) and Cuba's Omara Durand (T12 at 11:40) set two fastest times in the men's and women's 100 meters, respectively. ..
64. Para Archery, Iran's Zahra Nemati participated in both the Paralympics and the Olympics in 2016, achieving the first feat as an Iranian and Asian woman.
65. A "tapper" is an assistant who taps the head of a visually impaired swimmer to signal the timing of a turn.
66. Parasports legend Daniel Dias of Brazil has finally retired from the Tokyo Games.
Diaz has won 24 medals, the most in history for a male parasports athlete, in the three Paralympics from the Beijing Games to the Rio Games.
67. Former F1 driver Alex Zanardi entered the 2012 London Games 11 years after his life-threatening accident at the CART Championship.
After winning a gold medal in a time trial of the men's individual H4 hand cycle in cycling, he sat on the goal line, held a racing bike in one hand and raised his fist of victory with the other.
68. Wheelchair fencers cover their lower body with a metal skirt to prevent the sensor from responding when the sword hits the lower body.
69. Wheelchair Fencer Beatrice Vio of Italy was only 19 years old when she won her first Paralympic gold medal at the 2016 Rio Games Rio Women's Foil Individual (Category B).
70. Blind soccer is played without throw-in and offside.
71. After the 2016 Rio Games, the size of the blind soccer goal has been changed from 3m wide x 2m high to the size of a hockey goal (3.66m wide x 2.14m high).
This increased the chances of scoring, but also increased the risk of losing points.
72. At Paratriathlon, people called "handlers" provide support for athletes with lower limb disabilities in the transition area.
73. At the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, Chinese para-athletics Hou Bin will appear. I fixed the torch to a wheelchair, hung a rope with my arms and whole body, climbed to a height of 39m, and lit the torch while 90,000 spectators watched.
74. Wheelchair basketball players "tilt" their wheelchairs to reach as high as possible for shoots, rebounds, block shots, and tip-offs at the start of the match.
75. Brazilian judo legend Antonio Tenorio has a record of winning six medals in six consecutive tournaments, from the 1996 Atlanta Games to the 2016 Rio Games. The first four were gold medals (also a record).
76. The origin of boccia dates back to ancient Greece, where large stones were thrown at the target of the stone. In the excavation of Egyptian tombs, objects and murals showing something similar to boccia were found around 5200 BC. It seems to have been used in markets and towns in the Middle Ages, and the word "boccia" comes from the Italian word "bowl".
77. According to the rules of the Olympic Games, table tennis must be hit by placing the ball on the open palm and throwing it at least 16 cm perpendicular to the table. At the Paralympics, the ball may be placed on an elbow or racket and thrown.
78. Goalball was devised in 1946 for the rehabilitation of veterans who lost their sight in World War II. Austria's Hans Lorenzen and Germany's Zepp Rheindle allegedly invented the game.
79. For wheelchair rugby, we use a size 5 volleyball surface that has been processed to make it easier to grip.
80. The Para-Cycling Track made its Paralympic debut at the 1996 Atlanta Games and Road at the 1984 New York Stokeman Devil Games.
81. In cycling, athletes with disabilities compete on either a hand cycle, a two-wheeled bicycle or a three-wheeled bicycle. Visually impaired athletes use a two-seater tandem bicycle with a sighted "pilot" in front of them.
82. Japan, which became the world champion of wheelchair rugby, won the bronze medal at the 2016 Rio Games and won the first Paralympic medal.
83. Austrian Pepo Puch, who participated in the 2004 Athens Olympics by equestrian, had an accident in 2008, but rode a horse again and won a gold medal at the 2012 London and 2016 Rio Paralympics. ..
84. Paracanoe was the first exhibition under the name "Paddle Ability" at the 2009 Canoe Sprint World Championships in Dartmouth, Canada, and was officially recognized as a paracanoe at the World Championships in Poznan, Canada the following year. Was done.
85. Some athletes in Para Dressage use assistive devices such as putting a soft rein in front of the saddle if they cannot grasp the reins.
86. Wheelchair tennis was invented by Brad Parks, who was trying tennis as a recreational remedy after being injured on skis in 1976.
87. In powerlifting, each referee controls the white and red lights, which represent "good lift" and "no lift" respectively. Athletes must make at least two good lifts before they will be counted.
88. Goalball requires the ball to be thrown back 10 seconds after the defensive player touches the ball after it has been thrown.
89. Brazil has been undefeated in Paralympic blind football since its debut at the 2004 Athens Olympics.
90. Some para-athletes are at the forefront of dealing with the new coronavirus infection as a healthcare professional. Dutch champion of boats and doctor Annika van der Meer, British paralympic and young doctor Kim Dabel of table tennis, and Venezuelan Genesis Real who is also a doctor of para swimming. They work long hours to save lives while training.
91. In athletics, the front wheels of each athlete's wheelchair must be in contact with the ground in front of the start line at the start of the race.
92. For the first time in the history of the Paralympics, the medals of the Tokyo Games have a circular indentation on the side of the medal, one for the gold medal, two for the silver medal, and three for the bronze medal so that visually impaired people can touch and identify them. It has been. In addition, "Tokyo 2020" is written in Braille on the surface of the medal.
93. The largest number of female athletes will participate in the Tokyo Games. According to the IPC eligibility criteria, 40.5% are female athletes, which is equivalent to 1,782 athletes. It surpasses the Rio Games in which 1,671 female athletes (38.6%) participated.
94. Boat made its Paralympic debut at the 2008 Beijing Games, where the Italian mixed-gender fore crew made its first major reversal. They hadn't been on the podium at the world championships for several years before Beijing, but they defeated world champion Germany and second-placed England to win the gold medal.
95. In a wheelchair race, a player is considered to have finished the race when the center of the player's front wheels reaches the finish line.
96. Celebrities such as Aretha Franklin, Carly Simon, Liza Minnelli, Hall & Oates appeared at the opening ceremony of the 1996 Atlanta Games.
97. 2012年ロンドン大会の閉会式では、コールドプレイ、リアーナ、ジェイ・Zがパフォーマンスを披露しました。
98. アルジェリアは、リオ大会で、アフリカ初の女子車いすバスケットボールチームとして参加し、その名を歴史に残しました。
99. 2016年リオ大会では、パラリンピック史上最多となる計83か国が1つ以上のメダルを獲得しました。
100. 中国は、2004年アテネ大会以降、各パラリンピック大会で最も多くの金メダルを獲得しています。アテネで63個を獲得した後、2008年には地元北京で89個、2012年のロンドンで95個、2016年のリオで107個を獲得しました。