Diabetes .. Causes, symptoms and prevention

Diabetes has been one of the long-term complications of diabetes, resulting in changes in blood perfusion of the foot due to the effect of high blood glucose on the body.

It is one of the pathological changes that affect the foot due to diabetes. These include decreased sensation, superficial and deep inflammation, ulcers and necrosis (osteoporosis due to lack of blood circulation), gangrene (live tissue dying from hemodialysis), and parts of the foot.

Dealing with diabetics requires professional medical care to prevent their progression to advanced stages that may result in amputation.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that raises the level of blood sugar (glucose), which is the fuel cells of the body. Blood levels are maintained within a specific range through several mechanisms, including the insulin hormone that enters glucose into the cells of the body.

In diabetes, blood glucose rises above the normal limit. It is divided into two types, the first "juvenile diabetes" and infects the young often, and is caused by attacking the immune system of beta cells responsible for the production of insulin pancreas. The treatment depends on taking the patient insulin from an external source, such as syringe or pump, to control blood sugar.

The second type usually affects adults who are overweight, and there is no problem with the production of insulin, the quantities of which are normal or more at times, but the cells lose sensitivity to the hormone, can not be able to respond properly, which leads to the lack of glucose entry From the bloodstream into the cells, and to its pool and blood.

The long-term high blood glucose leads to devastating effects, including diabetic neuropathy, which causes a lack of sensation in the foot and then loss, exposing the patient to wounds, ulcers and burns in the foot without pain.

These wounds can also become inflamed and the surface ulcers become deep without the patient feeling or appreciating the seriousness of the situation because of his pain.

Diabetic foot disease is the pathological changes in the foot caused by diabetes. These include loss of sensation, superficial and deep inflammation, ulcers and vascular necrosis (bone death due to lack of blood circulation), gangrene (live tissue dying from hemodialysis), and amputation of parts of the foot .

And 85% of leg amputations associated with diabetes are initially ulcerated in the foot, may begin small and superficial and then turn due to lack of sensation and neglect to deep ulcers, and aggravate walking barefoot.

The worst case scenario is when loss of sensation is associated with blockage of the arteries, the risk of ulcers that are not cured by the lack of blood flow increases, and it is particularly inflamed with the difficulty of the arrival of antibiotics through the blood due to lack of blood ischemia, leading to partial or total amputation.

To prevent diabetic foot, you should:

• Adjust your blood sugar well.
• Take care of foot hygiene and avoid moisture that encourages the growth of fungi, by drying the patient to his feet well after ablution or bathing.
• Socks should not have a prominent stitching that may bruise your toes and cause ulcers.
• Wear comfortable, comfortable shoes, and do not wear tight shoes at all, noting that there are special shoes for diabetic foot.
• The nails must be cut appropriately and in a straight line with the width of the nail, which is slightly longer than the toes of the fingers, but should not be cut deeply because this leads to the introduction of germs and does not cut in a circular or curved way especially the thumb (the big finger) Skinny) skin.