Boko Haram fighters continue to give the Islamic State in West Africa (ISWAP) group a hard time. Despite the death of its leader Abubakar Shekau in May 2021, the JAS faction he led managed to consolidate its positions on the edges of Lake Chad.

While the balance of power remains very uncertain, the ICG recommends maintaining humanitarian aid and placing renewed emphasis on military cooperation in the region. The security situation remains very degraded despite the efforts of the Nigerian authorities to close IDP camps in the Borno region.