With the successful holding of the National Two Sessions in 2022, work such as "continuing to support the consumption of new energy vehicles", "maintaining the safety and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain", and "accelerating the formation of green production and lifestyle" have been put on the agenda.
In fact, from the "Government Work Report" to the discussions of various local delegations, automobile-related topics are still one of the focuses with high exposure.
"The automobile industry is a pillar industry of the national economy. It has a long industrial chain, strong driving force, wide coverage, and a large number of employed people. It plays a pivotal role in the development of the national economy. The automobile industry is also the industry with the largest single product scale in the manufacturing industry. my country has ranked first in global automobile production and sales for 13 consecutive years, and the stable and healthy development of the automobile industry is crucial to maintaining the basic stability of the manufacturing industry." Xu Heyi, member of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, former party secretary and chairman of BAIC Group, believes that at present, my country's automobile demand There is a lot of potential, and there is a lot of room for consumption.
If the year-end report card of the auto market in 2021 confirms the resilience and vitality of the Chinese economy, then in the key words mentioned in the National Two Sessions in the spring of 2022, people will always find more foundations for the "stability" of China's auto industry and even China's economy. And the factor of "advance", and at the same time imagine the road of industrial upgrading under the high-quality development pattern.
Multi-pronged approach to unleash consumption potential
In the joint proposal with the China Machinery Industry Federation, member Xu Heyi suggested appropriate reforms and adjustments to the automobile consumption tax and the automobile purchase surcharge, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm of the local government to encourage automobile consumption and promote the sustainable development of the automobile industry.
According to data released by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers, in 2021, my country's automobile production and sales will complete 26.082 million and 26.275 million vehicles, up 3.4% and 3.8% year-on-year, respectively, ending the three-year downward trend, which will help my country's industrial economy continue to recover and develop, Stabilizing macroeconomic growth has contributed an important force.
"At present, my country's automobile production capacity exceeds 40 million vehicles. In 2021, the automobile production capacity will be about 26.08 million vehicles, and the number of automobiles will exceed 300 million vehicles. On the other hand, my country's automobile drivers have reached about 444 million. Calculated by population, this It is equivalent to the third most populous country in the world, so there is still a lot of potential for market demand, and there is still a lot of room for consumption." Committee member Xu Heyi told reporters that to further unleash the vitality of the auto consumption market, it is necessary to mobilize local governments to encourage auto consumption to establish a good environment for automobile consumption and use.
According to reports, in 1985, in order to speed up road construction, the state decided to set up vehicle purchase surcharges as a source of funds for road construction.
The "Interim Regulations of the People's Republic of China on Vehicle Purchase Tax" implemented on January 1, 2001 evolved from the vehicle purchase surcharge.
It is a special purpose tax, which is paid by car consumers and is specially used for traffic road construction.
For more than 30 years, my country's total highway mileage and expressway mileage have both ranked first in the world.
But at the same time, the construction of urban roads, especially the construction of urban parking facilities, is relatively lagging behind.
"The construction of roads and parking facilities in the city is mainly the responsibility of the local government, and the vehicle purchase tax cannot be used in these areas." Committee member Xu Heyi analyzed that for taxpayers of the vehicle purchase tax, more than 90% of the driving activities are in the city. However, they are often faced with the dilemma of insufficient parking spaces and lack of proper services.
On the other hand, automobile consumption tax is a new tax set in the national tax system reform in 1994, which is levied in the production process.
He said that this policy has been implemented for 28 years, and the Chinese auto market has undergone earth-shaking changes. The smooth operation of the national economy has played a pivotal role."
Previously, many representatives and committee members made suggestions to the National People's Congress Finance and Economics Committee, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments on "the collection link of automobile consumption tax reform and mobilization of local enthusiasm".
The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance also stated on this issue that, on the premise of the central government’s unified legislation and tax collection power, through legislative authorization, the provincial tax management authority will be appropriately expanded, and the non-tax revenue reform will be promoted in a coordinated manner.
"The above two consumption tax and vehicle purchase tax involving automobiles have been implemented for many years. At present, the background and environment of the development of the automobile industry and society have changed greatly from the background and environment of the original tax." Committee member Xu Heyi suggested that the automobile consumption tax can be changed to price The foreign tax is levied at the final sales link. At the same time, the automobile consumption tax is changed to a shared tax between the central and local governments, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments to serve automobile consumption and improve the automobile consumption environment, and promote the formation of the domestic market cycle.
In addition, he also suggested that a certain proportion of the vehicle purchase tax collected each year should be allocated to the Ministry of Finance to allocate local finance for the construction of parking facilities, so as to improve the backward situation of urban parking facilities and truly make the tax payment of car buyers more affordable. some services.
"Today's auto consumers pay more attention to the construction and improvement of the consumption environment, so we should promote the healthy development of the production and consumption of the auto industry through necessary reforms and appropriate adjustments."
Jiang Han, a senior researcher at Pangu Think Tank, believes that to release the vitality of the consumer market, we must first increase residents' income and improve the income distribution mechanism; secondly, we must realize the deep integration of online and offline consumption; finally, we must focus on strengthening rural and sinking markets. Consumption system construction.
"To unleash the vitality of consumer markets such as automobiles, it is imperative to ensure an increase in residents' income. At the same time, under the influence of the development of the Internet, consumption is undergoing profound changes, and many offline service-oriented consumption has begun to show a trend of online and offline integration. Under such a background, relevant companies should promote the integration of online and offline consumption and form a more service-capable consumption format." Jiang Han said that focusing on the sinking market is not only to continue to support the consumption of new energy vehicles, but also to encourage the consumption of new energy vehicles. To carry out green and smart home appliances to the countryside and trade in old ones, it is necessary to strengthen the construction of the consumption system of the entire sinking market, especially the commercial system in the county area and the e-commerce and logistics system in the countryside. It will be possible to better stimulate the vitality of Chinese consumption."
"Double carbon" goal calls for more ways to play new energy vehicles
This year's government work report proposes to firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand and promote coordinated regional development and new urbanization.
Unblock the national economic cycle, open up all links of production, distribution, circulation, and consumption, and strengthen the driving force of domestic demand for economic growth.
Among them, "continuing to support the consumption of new energy vehicles" is considered to be a common requirement to promote the continuous recovery of consumption and accelerate the formation of green production and lifestyle.
It is worth mentioning that in 2021, the production and sales of new energy vehicles in my country will be 3.545 million and 3.521 million respectively, ranking first in the world for seven consecutive years.
The production and sales of new energy vehicles increased by 1.6 times year-on-year, and the market share reached 13.4%, creating the fastest growth rate since 2016. At the same time, private consumption accounted for nearly 80%.
This means that its sustainable development capability is further improved.
During the National People's Congress and the National People's Congress this year, several deputies to the National People's Congress and members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference put forward proposals and proposals related to the field of new energy vehicles.
Lei Jun, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Xiaomi Group, took the lead on building a carbon footprint accounting system for new energy vehicles, accelerating the construction of high-power fast charging infrastructure for new energy vehicles, promoting private enterprises to deeply participate in social welfare and charity, and further strengthening the recycling of electronic waste. Looking forward to more suggestions.
Representative Lei Jun suggested that through the establishment of a systematic carbon footprint management system, the overall guidance of the low-carbon development of the new energy vehicle industry.
In addition, he suggested setting up a national-level innovation cooperation platform to strengthen joint research on core technologies to speed up the construction of high-power and fast-charging infrastructure for new energy vehicles.
"The government work report pointed out that it is necessary to promote the work of 'carbon peaking and carbon neutrality' in an orderly manner, and implement the carbon peaking action plan. Promote the energy revolution, ensure energy supply, base on resource endowments, adhere to the principle of establishing first and then breaking, and make overall plans to promote Low-carbon transformation of energy." As a grassroots representative from the birthplace of the "Two Mountains" concept, Zhang Tianren, deputy to the National People's Congress and chairman of Tianneng Group, is very concerned about the topic of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality".
"The orderly advancement of the 'carbon peak and carbon neutrality' work is not only to protect the living environment of human beings, to meet people's needs for a better life, but also to reflect the responsibility of our country." Representative Zhang Tianren said, as a representative from new energy companies, He felt that "responsibility is heavy and heavy responsibility lies on our shoulders", "We must closely focus on the national 'dual carbon' strategy, and continue to play the role of new energy companies in energy conservation and emission reduction, so that the green industry can better benefit the general public and walk out of an ecological A green industry development path that takes into account development.”
This year, representative Zhang Tianren submitted 4 proposals and 24 proposals, focusing on public health emergencies, legislation in the field of climate change, new energy industry development, hydrogen energy storage industry, green and low-carbon demonstration zones, long-term Triangular industrial cooperation, digital empowerment of manufacturing and other contents were launched.
Among them, in order to further standardize the new energy power generation industry and achieve healthy and orderly development, representative Zhang Tianren suggested that the construction of the energy storage system should be vigorously strengthened, a special plan for energy storage should be issued as soon as possible, and the implementation of support policies for the allocation of energy storage facilities for new energy projects should be ensured. New energy can be "delivered, supplied and used well".
The reporter noticed that the "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" has clearly pointed out that it is necessary to promote the transformation of new energy vehicles from pure means of transportation to mobile intelligent terminals, energy storage units and digital spaces.
At the same time, it is necessary to promote the efficient coordination of new energy vehicles and renewable energy, encourage the construction of multi-functional integrated stations of "distributed photovoltaic power generation - energy storage system - charging and discharging", and strengthen the energy interaction between new energy vehicles and the power grid.
"On the one hand, we will build a unified, open, efficient, and competitive electricity market system, and introduce flexible electricity price policies; on the other hand, we will continue to improve the national carbon market trading system, and orderly promote the incorporation of other key emission industries into the national carbon market." Representative Zhang Tianren It is suggested that special projects such as "new energy + agriculture/sand control/fishing/tourism" can be promoted according to local conditions.
Some analysts believe that in the process of promoting the goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", the new energy vehicle and new energy energy storage markets are all poised for development, and it is expected to open up a market space of 100 billion yuan.
At the same time, due to the rapid increase in the penetration rate of the new energy vehicle market in the world, it will also promote the development of electrochemical energy storage.
Therefore, in the long run, the "new energy vehicle + energy storage" model still has a lot of room for exploration.
For example, Weilai and the State Grid launched a pilot operation of V2G technology (using the power battery of an electric vehicle to send power to the grid in reverse).
By promoting this technology, NIO encourages electric vehicle users to charge during the low electricity consumption period, and discharges the power grid during peak electricity consumption period to adjust the peak, realize peak shaving and valley filling, and improve the capacity efficiency of the power grid.
"For a long time, NIO has actively played the leading role of OEMs in the process of emission reduction and carbon reduction, and promoted the implementation of the 'dual carbon' goal in the automotive industry." The relevant person in charge of NIO said that, on the one hand, NIO focuses on its own Products and services, accelerate technological innovation and related layout; on the other hand, NIO works with industry chain partners and energy companies to promote the achievement of the "dual carbon" goal.
"Wei Lai has launched preliminary explorations with supply chain partners to clarify the goals and processes for carbon reduction."
Support for the rise of domestic chips and ensure supply chain security through multiple channels
The government work report proposes to enhance the core competitiveness of the manufacturing industry.
Promote the smooth operation of the industrial economy, strengthen the supply guarantee of raw materials, key components, etc., implement the project of maintaining and stabilizing the chain of leading enterprises, and maintain the security and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain.
"Driven by a new round of global technological revolution and industrial transformation, the transformation of the automobile industry has accelerated, and many places have set off a wave of investment in automobile industry projects. However, with the fierce competition in the market, the utilization of automobile production capacity has become stronger and weaker. The weaker development trend.” Wang Fengying, deputy to the National People’s Congress and president of Great Wall Motors, pointed out that due to the impact of multiple unfavorable factors such as the epidemic, the global chip supply is in short supply, and all walks of life are severely affected, and the automobile industry is no compromise.” hard-hit area".
As many as 169 industries worldwide will be affected to some extent by chip shortages in 2021, according to a Goldman Sachs research report.
Among them, the production reduction caused by the lack of cores in the global automobile industry exceeded 10 million vehicles.
"Compared with the frequent breakthroughs of advanced technologies by domestic semiconductor companies in high-end fields such as lithography machines and photoresists in recent years, domestic companies involved in automotive-grade chip products are less involved, and their market share is extremely low. Design and manufacturing process research and development.” Representative Wang Fengying explained that due to the long research and development cycle of automotive-grade chips, high design thresholds, and large capital investment, automotive-grade chips have long been monopolized by foreign industry giants, and it is difficult for Chinese chip companies to cut in.
She suggested that priority should be given to solving the problem of "lack of cores" in the short term, improving the industrial layout in the medium term to achieve independent control, and the third step is to build a mechanism for the introduction and training of industrial talents to achieve long-term sustainable development.
"With the continuous improvement of the intelligent level of automobiles, the electronic and electrical architecture of automobiles has been upgraded from distributed MCU to centralized electronic and electrical architecture, and the product quality, functional safety, computing power, control accuracy, interface type and many other technologies of automotive-grade chips All fields will usher in comprehensive innovation." Representative Wang Fengying believes that an independent and controllable supply chain is a necessary condition to support the high-quality development of China's auto industry.
"It is recommended that the state coordinate resources, deploy the automotive-grade chip industry chain, improve the industrial layout, support advantageous enterprises to carry out joint research on government, production, learning, research, and use, and firmly control the key parts and components of the 'neck' in their own areas. in hand."
"In the semiconductor industry, my country is still facing the problem of insufficient supply. For example, in terms of semiconductor materials, manufacturing equipment, design software, etc., there are still many supply chain links that are stuck." Research on Digital Economy and Financial Innovation of Zhejiang University International Business School Pan Helin, co-director and researcher of the center, believes that through the integration of production, education and research and the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, key research on these key nodes should be carried out to further strengthen the supply chain.
Committee member Xu Heyi reminded that whether to observe the growth rate of the added value of strategic emerging industries or to compare the growth rate of the added value of high-tech manufacturing, it is necessary to see the contribution of the transformation and upgrading of large enterprises, but also cannot ignore the growth of emerging small and medium-sized enterprises. growing up.
"Nowadays, more and more small and medium-sized enterprises that specialize in, specialize in, and specialize in stand out and stand at the forefront. Although these enterprises are not large in scale, they have their own specialty and competitive products, and many of them are single champions or small giant enterprises in the industry." He It is specially emphasized that in the work of promoting the "specialization, specialization and newness" of enterprises in the industry, it is necessary to subdivide industry resources, guide small and medium-sized enterprises to develop "specialization, specialization and newness" in subdivided industries, and more targetedly support enterprises to subdivide. Field "specialization" development.
At the same time, industry associations at all levels should give full play to the active role of industry organizations, formulate group standards, regulate industry behavior, actively support benchmarking enterprises, and promote the healthy development of the automotive supply chain.
In Xu Heyi's view, the manufacturing industry, as the foundation of a country and the foundation of a strong country, shoulders important tasks and responsibilities in the process of promoting the achievement of the strategic goal of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality".
He suggested to support the green and low-carbon transformation of the manufacturing industry from three aspects: "One is to actively organize and promote the large-scale implementation of green and low-carbon transformation projects in many fields of the manufacturing industry; The third is to set up special funds for the green and low-carbon transformation of manufacturing enterprises to provide financial support to promote the transformation and development of the manufacturing industry.”
Facing multiple challenges such as the complex international environment, the epidemic and extreme weather, China's economy has continued to recover and its development level has reached a new level.
New breakthroughs have been made, witnessing the changes in China's economy and society.
From unleashing the vitality of the consumer market, to maintaining the safety and stability of the industrial chain and supply chain, to accelerating the formation of a green production and lifestyle, China's auto industry not only demonstrates the strong confidence of China's manufacturing industry to turn crisis into opportunity, but also exemplifies the Chinese people's ability to overcome any difficulties and obstacles. courage, wisdom and strength.
China Youth Daily, China Youth Daily reporter Xu Yajie Source: China Youth Daily