(北京冬奥会)人物特写：“双奥”导演张艺谋的变与不变
中新社北京2月4日电 题：人物特写：“双奥”导演张艺谋的变与不变
中新社记者 高凯
“艺术上的重复是衰弱的标志。我们愿意用实践来证明心中所想，哪怕它是幼稚的。”这是上世纪80年代初出茅庐的张艺谋担任《一个和八个》摄影时道出的艺术主张。
多年之后，这种寻变的勇气与热忱仍在其人生中保留。2月4日晚，身为首位“双奥”导演的张艺谋将向全世界亿万观众呈交自己的第二场奥运会开幕式，对于这一次的“大作品”，年逾七旬的张艺谋给出的概括正是，和14年前“大不一样”。
资料图：张艺谋。 中新社记者 侯宇 摄
张艺谋曾坦言，自己是始终有“焦虑”的，这令他几乎总是在“奔跑”寻变，“我希望不要固步自封，把自己标签化、类型化。我希望创作能紧跟时代，这些变化本身对我很有吸引力。”
14年前的2008年北京奥运会，张艺谋以庞大的演员阵容、整齐划一的表演，呈现出凝练中国五千多年辉煌文明历史的巨幅开幕式“画卷”。然而有报道称，张艺谋至今没看过国内转播的那场开幕式，“主要是我自己的恐慌，我不忍看了，只要大家说都不错，这一篇就赶紧翻过去了。”
出生于1950年的张艺谋，身上特别凸显着那一代人的浪漫理想主义和现实生活中努力奋斗的紧迫感。被北京电影学院破格录取前，他曾当过工人，自学美术摄影，北京电影学院1982届学生里，他是全校年龄最大的那个，“比起同学，我起步晚，急于表现出原创的精神来，就怕没时间了”。
纵观张艺谋的职业生涯，以《红高粱》蜚声海内外后，从《大红灯笼高高挂》《秋菊打官司》等经典文艺片到《英雄》等商业大片，再到近年来各式题材的高频产出，无论臧否，他一直在不断触碰新的创作类型和题材。
从北京奥运会开始，张艺谋成为一系列重大演出的导演：国庆60周年联欢晚会总导演、APEC欢迎晚宴和文艺演出导演、杭州“G20峰会”文艺演出导演、庆祝新中国成立70周年联欢活动总导演……
"I am personally energetic and like to create. Probably my personality also determines that I will keep trying new things." Zhang Yimou said.
Perhaps because of this, it is difficult for Zhang Yimou to feel a hint of twilight in his speech.
Zhang Yimou is happy to discover and show all kinds of "new" and "changes". As the chief director of the opening ceremony of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, he compared it with the "Beijing Eight Minutes" at the closing ceremony of the PyeongChang Winter Olympics. The changes in the country can be seen by comparing the two programs. For example, the movable type mold in 2008 was performed by people. The performance in Pyeongchang was a real robot, on the ground full of snow and ice. It operates precisely and without error. This is the progress of a country, the progress of science and technology, and the change of the national image.”
Tonight, Zhang Yimou will once again show the world the Chinese understanding of the Olympics in the opening ceremony of less than 100 minutes.
Like a reinforced bird's nest, Zhang Yimou in 2008 had 2008 people staged a large-scale and uniform singing song; in 2022, he will invite men, women and children from 5 to 70 years old, "put on your favorite The clothes" here is a light-hearted square dance.
For Zhang Yimou, the first director of the "Double Olympics", this will be the two landscapes presented by his artistic creation 14 years later.
"This time, our opening ceremony emphasizes 'people's nature'," said Zhang Yimou, "There are no stars or professionals in the hot show, just the Chinese-style square dance that the people love to see. Why do people want to dance? Because the days are good. Once you get rid of poverty and become rich, you will be able to sing and dance when you live a happy life.”
Zhang Yimou, who used to be very good at creating visual spectacles with "the sea of people", will show a completely new way of expressing himself in this creation, "different from any time before", "using technology content will make it less crowded but not empty. , making it very full, making it ethereal and romantic. Performing with technology and new concepts is full of changes.”
Following the times, Zhang Yimou has been looking for changes, but some things have never changed.
From film works to numerous major performances including the opening ceremony of the "Double Olympics", Zhang Yimou has always been trying to use innovative means and the language of the world to show the brilliance of local culture.
In Zhang Yimou, he has always been very sensitive to the proportion, color, shape and other modeling elements that affect the vision.
He accepts all kinds of new things, and at the same time can always observe the "unchanged" core of the national history and culture behind the "new" things.
在张艺谋看来，“不论怎样的舞台，了解自己、表达自己是一切努力的核心。所有这些表演代表了一个国家的文化，也代表了一个国家的姿态，代表了一个国家在发展历程中的变化，与时俱进的一种精神，事实上，这也就是人类可贵的进取精神。”
毫无疑问，张艺谋的经验、审美与资源决定了他是值得安心托付两届奥运会开闭幕式的最佳人选，而在这些可以罗列的能力值之外，这位七旬导演多年求变的勇气与对不变的坚持，或者是其与“双奥”导演身份的另一种深层契合。(完)