Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that seriously endangers public health today, and although the overall situation of tuberculosis prevention and control in China has slowed down after years of efforts, it is still one of the serious public health problems in the world. In life, how to prevent tuberculosis?

1What are the main symptoms of tuberculosis?

The main symptoms of tuberculosis are cough, sputum, if these symptoms persist for more than 2 weeks, go to the hospital in time. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis may also have symptoms such as blood in sputum, low-grade fever, night sweating, afternoon fever, chest pain, fatigue and weakness, weight loss, and dyspnea.

2What is the culprit of tuberculosis?

The culprit behind tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis. When tuberculosis patients cough and sneeze, they can produce a large number of droplet nuclei, about 5 microns in diameter, floating in the air. After inhalation by healthy people, most of Mycobacterium tuberculosis will be killed by the human immune system, but some can escape the "chase" of the immune system and survive in the body.

3Is infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and needs treatment?

For the vast majority of healthy people, there is no need to worry unduly because the risk of developing active TB from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is very low. Even if you are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it means that the risk of developing active tuberculosis is less than 10%, and you do not necessarily need to take drugs to treat tuberculosis immediately.

4How to distinguish between tuberculosis and colds in terms of symptoms?

The common cold is mainly characterized by acute respiratory symptoms that last about a week, and the diagnosis of tuberculosis is between two weeks of coughing up sputum because two weeks often indicates that this is a chronic infection, and tuberculosis screening is performed.

The second point is fever, a considerable number of tuberculosis patients will have low-grade fever symptoms, but the fever of cold patients is often a high fever of more than 38 ° C, and it lasts relatively long.

In addition, tuberculosis fever also has a condition called afternoon low-grade fever, in which the patient's body temperature rises to a peak in the afternoon, and then it decreases. However, in general respiratory infections, the timing of fever is uncertain or not fixed.

5How can students avoid tuberculosis and infection?

Schools are places with a high concentration of people, and students have frequent contact with each other, and once infectious tuberculosis patients appear, it is easy to cause the spread of tuberculosis in schools. Therefore, for the prevention of tuberculosis is very important, first, to do a good job in regular physical examination of students, such as the physical examination of new students, etc., to timely detect the adverse condition of the body; The second is to reduce the frequency of visits to crowded and environmentally closed places as much as possible; The third is to develop good work and rest habits, ensure sufficient sleep and reasonable diet every day; The fourth is to strengthen physical exercise and improve physical resistance.

In addition, schools should also strengthen the health science popularization and education of tuberculosis knowledge into campus, so that students can take the initiative to master some common symptoms of tuberculosis, understand the key knowledge points of tuberculosis prevention and control, learn to screen for tuberculosis, conduct self-health monitoring, and once relevant symptoms appear, achieve early detection and early treatment, and be the first responsible person for their own health.

6How to prevent TB?

Bacillus preme-Guette vaccination. At present, the first dose of vaccine injected by newborns in China is BCG, which can allow newborns to obtain immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and reduce the incidence of severe tuberculosis.

Detect symptoms and treat them promptly. If cough or sputum production occurs for more than two weeks, especially if symptoms such as bloody sputum appear, you should see a doctor in time. As long as regular treatment is adhered to, the vast majority of patients can be cured.

Healthy people should take the initiative to do a good job of protection. Actively wear masks in settings at high risk of TB transmission, such as when visiting hospitals or people with suspected TB. Develop good living habits, combine work and rest, exercise moderately, ensure nutrition, do not spit, and often open windows indoors to ventilate.