Take multiple measures to promote water conservation and control, and improve the efficiency of water resource utilization

Take multiple measures to promote water conservation and control, and improve the efficiency of water resource utilization

Save water and use water well (beautiful China)

Our reporters are Qin Ruijie, Zhang Tengyang, Su Bin, and Wang Hao

Core reading

Saving water is not only about saving resources, but also about protecting the environment. March 3-22 is the 28th "China Water Week", and the 2023 "Water Saving China, You and Me Walk Together" joint action will be launched simultaneously. A few days ago, the reporter came to Yinchuan, Ningxia, Xingtai, Hebei and Zunyi, Guizhou, to explore how to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in water-scarce areas and achieve sustainable use of water resources.

Turn on the kitchen faucet and the water gushes out. In the second village of Binhe Homestead, Yueyahu Township, Xingqing District, Yinchuan City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, villager Gao Faxiang held water and drank two sips. "The water pressure is large, the water quality is clear, and it is beautiful to drink directly." Gao Faxiang said.

Yinchuan, Ningxia——

Fine water transfer to improve the efficiency of water resource utilization

The second village of Riverside Homestead is less than one kilometer from the Yellow River, but since the 80s of last century, due to imperfect infrastructure, the local countryside can only rely on scattered small water lifting projects to supply water, not only the tap water pressure is unstable, the water quality is poor, but also often cut off water, and the efficiency of water resources utilization is very low.

In December last year, the Yinchuan Metropolitan Area Central Line Water Supply Project was successfully tested for water, integrating the small water lifting projects that had been scattered along the Yellow River into a centralized water lifting project and building a unified water supply and distribution system. So far, a canal of Yellow River water has been raised and sent far away, not only allowing nearly 12,11 people in Yueyahu Township and other places to eat good water, but also solving the irrigation water problem of nearly 36,2800 mu of farmland in the eastern part of the Yellow River, saving <> million cubic meters of water every year.

At the Huangsha Gudu Pumping Station, located at the head of the central water supply project, the large screen of the irrigation management platform scrolls various parameters such as flow, flow rate, and pipeline pressure. "Yinchuan is extremely short of water resources, and it is very important to transfer water centrally across river basins." Yang Shaojun, deputy head of the construction project team of the middle line water supply project, said.

With a click of the mouse, the floodgates on the channel begin to slowly open. Water from the Yellow River is pumped into a 39-meter-high reservoir and then flows to farmland more than a dozen kilometers away. "After centralized water transfer, the key to improving the efficiency of water resource utilization lies in the accuracy of water transfer." Yang Shaojun said that the entire central water supply project has more than 43 kilometers of water transmission pipelines, a total of 32 monitoring centers and more than 2000,<> monitoring points, "through the intelligent management platform, all pumping stations and sluices on the channel can be automatically adjusted."

From "human control" to "numerical control", with the addition of automatic control technology, big data analysis technology and Internet of Things technology, water resource allocation is becoming more refined and faster.

"When the water network is connected to the Internet, irrigation can be more efficient and rational. Starting from the Huangsha Gudu Pumping Station, all channels, branch canals and reservoirs along the way are managed by a network, making the allocation of water resources more scientific and accurate. Wu Xiaofeng, deputy director of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Water Conservancy Dispatch Center, said, "Through remote digital network scheduling, the entire canal system and reservoir can achieve complementary water volume, drought energy irrigation, waterlogging energy drainage." ”

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Water Resources said that the effective utilization coefficient of irrigation water in China's farmland has increased from 2012.0 in 516 to 2022.0 in 572. This year, the Ministry of Water Resources will focus on the implementation of a new round of <> billion jin of grain production capacity improvement actions, accelerate the preparation of the national farmland irrigation development plan, and actively promote the modernization and transformation of large and medium-sized irrigation areas.

Xingtai, Hebei——

Coordinate multiple water sources and promote the treatment of groundwater overexploitation

"More than 5000,<> mu of wheat are all irrigated by shallow burial drip irrigation, which can save <>% of water compared with traditional irrigation." Speaking of the benefits of water-saving irrigation, Bai Lixin, head of the Woheng Planting Professional Cooperative in Ningjin County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province, smiled.

"The annual per capita water resources of Ningjin County are about 57 cubic meters, which is only 2.7% of the country's annual per capita water resources." Li Zhenhe, deputy director of the Ningjin County Water Bureau, said that in order to transform to water-saving agriculture, Ningjin County has promoted 39 projects such as supporting technologies for saving water and stabilizing production of winter wheat, integration of water and fertilizer, and rain farming in dry farming.

To control groundwater overextraction, tightening agricultural faucets is the key. Hebei has vigorously promoted agricultural water conservation by vigorously developing high-efficiency water-saving irrigation technologies such as drip irrigation and shallow burial drip irrigation, building high-standard farmland to improve water efficiency, stabilizing the scale of seasonal fallow cultivated land, and expanding the planting area of rainfed cropping in dry farming.

Xingtai has developed water-appropriate agriculture and implemented a total of 256,44,233 mu of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation. The planting of water-saving crops in the over-mining area has achieved full coverage, and the area of river irrigation and double irrigation of well channels has reached 25.3 million mu, accounting for <>.<>% of the city's cultivated land.

On the basis of making full use of local water and increasing the use of unconventional water sources such as reclaimed water, North China is trying to divert water from external river basins to increase water supply.

At the Qili River retreat gate in Xingtai City, the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, water from the main channel of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project poured into the Qili River at a rate of 3 cubic meters per second.

"Since 2015, the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project has supplied a total of 22.85 billion cubic meters of water to Xingtai, of which 12.25 billion cubic meters of ecological water supplementation. This measure effectively improves the groundwater recharge capacity of the receiving area and achieves the overall balance of shallow groundwater recharge. Sun Zikui, head of the water resources management and conservation section of Xingtai Water Bureau, said.

In order to promote the ecological replenishment of river channels, Xingtai has made overall use of various water sources such as diversion water, reservoir water, and outer area water, and realized that 21 rivers, 144 channels and 271 pits and ponds all have water, forming 2011,<> kilometers of rivers (canals).

Since 2018, North China has supplied 330 billion cubic meters of water to the treatment area through water transfer from external river basins such as river diversion and yellow drainage, of which 253.77 billion cubic meters have been used to ensure economic and social development and water source replacement. 48.240 billion cubic meters are used for ecological water replenishment of rivers and lakes. Coordinate local water, external water transfer and reclaimed water, and continue to carry out regular water replenishment and summer concentrated water replenishment in 100 rivers and lakes such as Yongding River, Chaobai River and Baiyangdian, with a cumulative water replenishment of <> billion cubic meters. According to monitoring and analysis, the cumulative amount of water infiltrated into the ground by recharge rivers exceeds <> billion cubic meters, which has promoted groundwater recharge and the recovery of the ecological environment of rivers and lakes.

This year, the Ministry of Water Resources will explore and implement deep groundwater recharge in key areas, continue to promote groundwater pressure extraction in the water-affected areas of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and comprehensively promote the comprehensive treatment of groundwater overexploitation in 10 key areas, including the Sanjiang Plain, Songnen Plain, Liaohe Plain and Xiliao River Basin.

Zunyi, Guizhou——

Improve project construction and improve water supply capacity

Water flows down the mountain, and people are sad on the mountain. It is hard to imagine that in Zunyi, Guizhou, where "no three days are sunny", draft will once become a problem.

"Before we had access to tap water, our village counted on the Majiagou Reservoir, but the reservoir capacity was not large, only 1,<> cubic meters. In summer, when the sun shines, the reservoir bottoms out. A few years ago, in Dingcun Village, Shanpen Town, Huichuan District, Zunyi City, villager Zhu Delin was worried about the water.

Guizhou is a typical karst mountainous area, with serious engineering water shortage, coupled with the scattered residence of the masses, the contradiction between high people and low water is more prominent. Since 2013, Guizhou has carried out backbone water source projects, extraction and irrigation projects and groundwater utilization projects. Up to now, the province has built more than 2700,11 reservoir projects and more than <>,<> rural water supply guarantee projects, comprehensively improving the ability of water security.

In October last year, the rural water supply project in Dingcun Village, which cost 10,87 yuan and lasted for half a year, was officially completed.

"At present, the rural water supply project in Dingcun Village covers more than 11,600 people in 2500 households in 2 villager groups in the village, which can not only meet the daily life, but also carry out the planting and breeding industry smoothly." Jiang Limei, director of the Huichuan District Agricultural and Water Service Center, said that Dingcun Village has also set up a water management committee, with a total of 11 water supervisors and <> water managers, responsible for round-the-clock inspection and maintenance of water supply projects.

Up to now, a total of 525 rural centralized water supply projects have been completed in Huichuan District, covering 34,4 people, and the centralized water supply rate is 96.7%. At the same time, 11 village-level water user associations have been set up in 103 towns (streets) within the jurisdiction, and water stewards are assigned to each centralized water supply project, including 72 public welfare water stewards, to ensure that the project management and protection are implemented and effective.

"In order to make scientific and rational use of water resources, we have repeatedly issued water conservation and water protection initiatives to guide the general public to enhance their awareness of water conservation and be demonstrators of water conservation." The relevant person in charge of the water resources and water protection section of the Zunyi Water Bureau said that since 2020, the city has started 18 new reservoirs with a total reservoir capacity of 1 million cubic meters, and 79 new rural water supply projects, which will further alleviate the local engineering water shortage problem after completion.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Water Resources said that after the implementation of 150 major water conservancy projects, it is expected that the length of the river channel will be about 2950,420 kilometers, and the annual water supply capacity will be increased by about <> billion cubic meters. This year, the Ministry of Water Resources will orderly promote the planning and construction of regional water networks, and strengthen water security in important economic zones, important urban agglomerations, and key ecological function areas. (People's Daily)