China News Service, January 13. According to the website of the Ministry of Emergency Management, the Ministry of Emergency Management released the basic situation of natural disasters in the country in 2022 on the 13th.
A total of 112 million people were affected by various natural disasters throughout the year, 554 people died and disappeared due to disasters, and 2.428 million people were urgently relocated; 47,000 houses collapsed and 796,000 houses were damaged to varying degrees; the affected area of crops was 12,071.6 thousand hectares; direct economic losses 238.65 billion yuan.
Compared with the average value of the past five years, the number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters, the number of collapsed houses and direct economic losses decreased by 30.8%, 63.3% and 25.3% respectively.
According to reports, the Ministry of Emergency Management, together with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Natural Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Transport, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the Health Commission, the Bureau of Statistics, the Bureau of Meteorology, the China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, and the Grain and Reserve Bureau, Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Red Cross Society of China, China National Railway Group and other departments and units discussed and approved that in 2022, my country's natural disasters will be dominated by floods, droughts, hailstorms, earthquakes and geological disasters, typhoons, low temperature freezing and Snow disasters, sandstorms, forest and grassland fires, and marine disasters also occurred to varying degrees.
Affected by extreme disaster weather, major disasters such as floods in the Pearl River Basin, the breach of the Raoyang River, a tributary of the Liaohe River, mountain torrent disasters in Qinghai Datong, Pingwu and Beichuan in Sichuan, summer, autumn and winter droughts in the Yangtze River Basin, and forest fires in southern China occurred. The earthquake caused heavy casualties.
The emergency management department strengthened overall planning and coordination, and made every effort to do a good job in emergency rescue and disaster relief work, minimizing casualties and property losses.
The main features of the national natural disasters in 2022 are:
1. The temporal and spatial distribution of natural disasters across the country is uneven, with frequent occurrences in summer and autumn, and severe disasters in the central and western regions
From January to April, except for the 6.9-magnitude earthquake in Menyuan, Qinghai Province on January 8, and the low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters in some parts of the south in February, the disaster situation was generally stable and mild.
After entering summer and autumn, there have been severe rainstorms and floods in South China, Jiangnan and other places and the Liaohe River Basin, a rare summer, autumn and winter drought in the Yangtze River Basin, local mountain torrents and mudslides in Sichuan, Heilongjiang, Gansu, Qinghai and other localities, as well as a 6.1-magnitude earthquake in Lushan, Sichuan, Maerkang magnitude 6.0 earthquake swarm, Luding magnitude 6.8 earthquake and other major disasters.
During the period from Beginning of Summer to Beginning of Winter, the number of deaths and missing persons and direct economic losses caused by various natural disasters accounted for 92% and 91% of the total annual losses respectively.
There are 10 provinces with direct economic losses of more than 10 billion yuan due to disasters throughout the year.
2. Flood disasters are "heavy in the north and south, and light in the middle", and local mountain torrent disasters occur frequently
In 2022, there will be 38 regional rainstorms in my country, with an average precipitation of 606.1 millimeters, which is 5% less than the same period in previous years.
626 rivers in 28 provinces across the country experienced floods above the warning level. There were 10 numbered floods in the major rivers and rivers. Among them, the Pearl River Basin formed two consecutive large floods, the Beijiang River experienced the largest flood since 1915; the Liaohe River experienced the largest flood since 1995 Floods: The flood conditions of the Yellow River, Huaihe River, and Haihe River were generally stable.
South China has experienced nine regional torrential rains in the pre-flood season. The Pearl River Basin had the most precipitation in the same period since 1961, and large basin-wide floods occurred.
From July to August, serious floods occurred in the Liaohe River Basin.
Local flash flood disasters in Sichuan, Qinghai and other places caused relatively large casualties.
Flood disasters throughout the year caused a total of 33.853 million people to be affected, 171 people were killed and missing due to disasters, and direct economic losses were 128.9 billion yuan.
In addition, a total of 5,659 geological disasters such as landslides, collapses, and mudslides occurred across the country, mainly small and medium-sized, and mainly concentrated in Central South, South China, and Southwest China.
3. The Yangtze River Basin experienced a historically rare drought in summer, autumn and winter, which affected a wide range and caused heavy losses.
In 2022, due to the strong subtropical high pressure and the La Nina phenomenon, the average temperature in my country will be high, and there will be consecutive winter and spring droughts in the Pearl River Basin at the beginning of the year, spring and summer droughts in the Huanghuaihai and Northwest China from April to June, and rare summer droughts in the Yangtze River Basin. Continuous drought in autumn and winter.
Among them, the drought in the Yangtze River Basin is the most serious meteorological and hydrological drought since the availability of complete measured data. The number of days of moderate drought is 77 days, which is 54 days more than the same period of normal years, the most in the same period of history since 1961.
At the peak of the drought, a total of 52.452 million person-times were affected by disasters nationwide, 7.585 million person-times were in need of living assistance due to the drought, the affected area of crops was 60.902 million hectares, and the direct economic loss was 51.28 billion yuan.
4. The spatio-temporal distribution of forest and grassland fires is relatively concentrated
In 2022, a total of 709 forest fires occurred across the country, the affected forest area was about 4689.5 hectares, and 17 people died due to the disaster.
In terms of time distribution, March-April and September-October are the high-incidence periods of forest fires, with a total of 521 cases, accounting for 74% of the whole year.
In terms of spatial distribution, affected by factors such as high temperature and drought, there were 503 forest fires in Hunan, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Hubei, Guangdong and Chongqing, accounting for 71% of the country's total.
A total of 21 grassland fires occurred across the country, of which 16 occurred in Inner Mongolia and Qinghai, accounting for 76% of the country's total.
5. Severe convective weather processes are rare, wind and hail disasters are relatively light, and lightning strikes are relatively prominent
In 2022, there will be a total of 37 regional strong convective weather processes in my country, and the number is less than the average in recent years.
In terms of time, it is mainly concentrated in summer. The number of deaths and missing persons and direct economic losses caused by strong convective weather caused by hail disasters accounted for 73% and 69% of the annual losses of wind and hail disasters, respectively.
From a regional point of view, it is mainly distributed in North China, Northwest China and Southwest China.
Lightning strikes in Qinghai, Sichuan and other places caused more casualties.
Overall, the wind and hail disasters in 2022 will be lighter than normal, causing a total of 9.306 million people to be affected, 88 people died due to disasters, and direct economic losses of 16.67 billion yuan.
6. Moderate and strong earthquakes are relatively active in the western region, and earthquake disaster losses are heavy
In 2022, there will be a total of 27 earthquakes of magnitude 5 or above in mainland China, which is an increase compared with the average over the past years, mainly concentrated in Qinghai, Sichuan, Xinjiang and other western regions.
The earthquake with the highest magnitude in the whole year was the 6.9-magnitude earthquake in Menyuan, Qinghai Province on January 8, and the one with the heaviest loss was the 6.8-magnitude earthquake in Luding, Sichuan Province on September 5.
In 2022, earthquake disaster losses will be heavier than normal, causing a total of 940,000 people to be affected, 122 people died and missing due to disasters, and direct economic losses of 22.45 billion yuan.
7. The number of typhoons landed is small, and the landfall locations are relatively concentrated
In 2022, a total of 25 typhoons will form in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and the South China Sea, which is basically the same as in previous years, and 4 of them will land in my country, which is less than normal.
On July 2, the No. 3 typhoon "Siamba" landed on the coast of Dianbai, Guangdong, becoming the first typhoon to land.
Three of the four landfalling typhoons throughout the year landed in Guangdong. Typhoon No. 12 "Meihua" landed four times in Zhoushan, Zhejiang, Fengxian, Shanghai, Qingdao, Shandong, and Dalian, Liaoning. It was the first four landfalls in mainland my country since 1949. Typhoons in the area.
In 2022, the direct economic loss caused by the typhoon disaster is 5.42 billion yuan, which is lighter than normal.
8. Low temperature, rain, snow and freezing affect the southwest and central south regions, and local snow disasters in Xinjiang are serious
In 2022, our country will be affected by a total of 35 cold air processes, which is 5.9 times more than normal.
In February, the average temperature in the south was the lowest in the same period since 2009. The low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters caused severe damage in the southwest and central south regions, and the direct economic losses accounted for 80% of the annual losses caused by low-temperature rain, snow and freezing disasters.
From November 26 to December 1, the strongest cold wave weather since the beginning of winter brought severe cooling, strong winds, dust, rain and snow to most parts of the country. The extreme snowstorms in Altay and Tacheng in Xinjiang caused casualties.
In 2022, low temperature freezing and snow disasters will cause a total of 870.7 thousand hectares of crops to be damaged, and the direct economic loss will be 12.45 billion yuan.