Tens of thousands of yuan in childcare subsidies are issued in many places: Can you release your reproductive potential, and what should you do besides sending money

　　Another local government uses "real money" to stimulate reproductive potential.

On January 11, according to the official website of the Shenzhen Municipal Health and Health Commission, recently, the Shenzhen Municipal Health and Health Commission publicly solicited opinions on the "Shenzhen Childcare Subsidy Management Measures" ("Management Measures").

　　The "Administrative Measures" preliminarily drafted the childcare subsidy standard in Shenzhen: for the first child, a one-time childbirth subsidy of 3,000 yuan will be issued after the birth and household registration, and another 1,500 yuan childcare subsidy will be issued every year until the child reaches the age of 3. Accumulated over three years A subsidy of 7,500 yuan will be issued, with an average of 2,500 yuan per year; if the second child is born, a one-time maternity subsidy of 5,000 yuan will be issued after the birth and household registration, and a childcare subsidy of 2,000 yuan will be issued every year until the child reaches the age of 3. Accumulated over three years A subsidy of 11,000 yuan will be issued, with an average of 3,667 yuan per year; if the third child is born, a one-time maternity subsidy of 10,000 yuan will be issued after the birth and household registration, and a childcare subsidy of 3,000 yuan will be issued every year until the child reaches the age of 3. Accumulated in three years A subsidy of 19,000 yuan is issued, with an average annual receipt of 6,333 yuan.

　　The Shenzhen Municipal Health and Health Commission pointed out that establishing a childcare subsidy system in a timely manner and distributing childcare subsidies in a progressive and differentiated manner can effectively boost citizens' willingness to have children, especially the second and third children, further release citizens' reproductive potential, and slow down the aging of the population. The process of humanization will extend the window period of the demographic dividend, so that the demographic dividend will become a powerful booster of economic growth for a long time.

　　The Paper has combed and found that since 2021, from the provincial level to the cities and counties, many places have explored the childcare subsidy system. In comparison, the policies and measures of the cities and counties are more detailed.

From the perspective of the content of the measures, cash subsidies are the main ones, and some places have also proposed preferential policies for housing and other aspects.

Explore the childcare subsidy system in many places, mainly cash subsidies

　　In July 2021, the "Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Optimizing Childbirth Policies to Promote Long-term Balanced Population Development" was issued, clearly stating that at present, to further adapt to new changes in the population situation and promote new requirements for high-quality development, implement the three-child childbirth policy and supporting Support measures are of great significance.

　　In the same month, a national teleconference on optimizing childbearing policies was held, emphasizing the practical improvement of eugenics and childcare services, accelerating the construction of inclusive childcare service systems, promoting the matching of relevant economic and social policies with childbirth policies, and reducing the burden of childbirth, childcare, and education on the masses.

　　The day after this meeting was held, Panzhihua, Sichuan announced that it would be the first to issue childcare subsidies. For families with Panzhihua household registration who have a second or more child according to the policy on or after June 12, 2021, a monthly childcare subsidy of 500 yuan per child will be issued. Gold until the child is 3 years old.

　　Later, more places began to explore the childcare subsidy system.

　　At the provincial level, the "14th Five-Year Plan for Public Services of Guangdong Province" proposes to explore the provision of inclusive economic subsidies for children; Zhejiang stipulates that the county (city, district) people's government may Families with infants and young children are given childcare allowances and subsidies for childcare expenses; Beijing has clearly and gradually established and improved the family childcare subsidy system.

　　In addition, Hunan, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Yunnan, Fujian and other places have all proposed to encourage childbearing through the subsidy system, and Heilongjiang also requires that the border areas and old revolutionary base areas be given proper preference.

　　Compared with the requirements at the provincial level, some prefecture-level cities and districts and counties have introduced more detailed measures.

Except for Panzhihua City, which explored the childcare subsidy system earlier, the household registration of both husband and wife and children in Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province is in the city. Families who meet the policy and have a second child and a third child are determined by the county where the child's household registration is located. A one-time maternity subsidy of 2,000 yuan and 10,000 yuan will be issued respectively; Anlu City, Hubei Province will provide a monthly subsidy of 200 yuan and 400 yuan to couples who have a second or third child according to the policy of the city’s household registration population after May 31, 2021, until the childbirth At least 3 years old.

　　It is worth noting that on top of cash subsidies, some places have superimposed preferential policies for exploring housing and other aspects.

For example, Beijing has made it clear that families with a large number of minor children who apply for public rental housing can be included in the scope of priority allocation of rent, and appropriate care will be given in terms of house type selection; Household registration households, increase the purchase index by 1 set, and give appropriate care in terms of house type selection according to the number of minor children in the family; Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province stipulates that Linze household registration permanent families with two or three children should purchase in the county. A government subsidy of 40,000 yuan will be given for commercial housing, and a government subsidy of 30,000 yuan will be given for purchasing commercial housing in central market towns and other concentrated residential areas.

　　There are also some safeguards, including Jiangsu Province’s clarification that enterprises pay social insurance fees during the maternity leave of female employees, giving a 50% subsidy to those who give birth to a second child, and an 80% subsidy to those who give birth to a third child; Linze County, Zhangye City, Gansu Province stipulates that , for families with registered permanent residence who attend public kindergartens within the jurisdiction of the county, a subsidy of 1,000 yuan per school year is given for the second child, and 2,000 yuan per school year for the third child. According to regulations in Anhui Province, citizens are required to have another child after undergoing sterilization. The cost of resuming fertility surgery will be subsidized by the recipient's unit, the township (town) people's government, or the sub-district office.

　　Ren Yuan, a professor at the Population Research Institute of Fudan University, said that childcare subsidies are actually a kind of fertility support policy with economic support as the content. “Policies to support fertility include three main types, the first is economic support, and the second Labor support, such as the construction of childcare institutions, and the third type is time support, such as parental leave and maternity leave.”

　　Ren Yuan also pointed out that the effect of childcare subsidies in different regions may be different,

　　In this regard, Ren Yuan suggested that it is necessary to combine the specific fertility needs of people in different regions, and provide appropriate fertility support policies according to the specific difficulties people face in the process of childbearing, such as work-life, parenting, and education.

For example, in some developed cities, the main difficulties encountered by families in childbearing may mainly come from conflicts between work and family. Women’s workplace pressure will reduce their willingness to bear children. In addition, small families make it difficult to raise children within the family. Therefore, For these areas, perhaps the most important childbearing support policy is to support child care and child care policies, and it is also important to play the role of enterprises in supporting the balance between work and family.

Fertility wishes have not been fulfilled

　　The Shenzhen Municipal Health and Health Commission pointed out in the drafting instructions of the "Shenzhen Childcare Subsidy Management Measures" that in recent years, my country's population growth rate has continued to slow down, and the marriage rate has declined year by year. Coupled with the impact of the new crown pneumonia epidemic, the fertility level has continued to increase. Downward, the demographic situation faces major challenges.

　　According to the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2020, the total fertility rate of women of childbearing age in my country is 1.3, which is already at a relatively low fertility level.

In 2021, my country's birth population will only be 10.62 million, and the total fertility rate of women will drop to 1.15, which is lower than the average fertility level of developed countries and far from the stable fertility level of around 1.8 proposed in the National Population Development Plan (2016-2030). Far.

　　After exploring the childcare subsidy system in various places, the public is more concerned about the effect of the "real silver" subsidy.

　　In fact, the problem of declining birth rate and aging population has existed in Japan and South Korea for many years, and both countries have carried out certain childcare subsidy policies.

　　The Paper recently reported that at the end of 2022, the Low Fertility and Aging Society Committee directly under the South Korean President announced the "Demographic Change Response Plan", which will increase parental leave and allowances, and will amend laws so that children born out of wedlock will no longer be discriminated against in terms of the system , will also promote the employment of immigrants, foreigners and the elderly.

The Japanese government plans to draw funds from the medical insurance costs of people under the age of 74, and will increase the one-time maternity subsidy to 500,000 yen (about 25,940 yuan) from this year, an increase of 80,000 yen from last year.

　　"The decline in the fertility rate of Japan and South Korea was earlier than that of China. At the same time, China, Japan and South Korea have similarities in culture. Therefore, the fertility support policies provided by Japan and South Korea in the context of low fertility rates have no impact on China's fertility services and support policies. It is very inspiring to formulate it.”

　　Ren Yuan pointed out that adopting a series of supporting services and support policies for childbearing, so that some people who want to have children but have not satisfied their childbearing desires can receive services and support can still improve the fertility level. "For example,

” At the same time, Ren Yuan pointed out that, at a deeper level, in modern times In the fertility culture of society, the value of fertility itself is gradually weakening, materialism and individualism are developing, the uncertainty of future development is increasing, and people's motivation for childbearing is weakening.

If people themselves do not want to have children, the effect of raising fertility levels through various fertility support policies is limited.

Therefore, for the national birth policy, some changes are needed in the construction of the birth culture. "In the era of family planning, a birth culture of 'only one child' has been formed. The one-child generation believes that having a child is a part of family life. Basic form. Under the background of low fertility rate, this kind of fertility culture needs to be changed. The economic value of children gradually weakens with the development of the social security system. We need to emphasize the emotional value of children, the value of children as life, and the The value of the growth of childbearing and raising children to the growth of one's own life, through this conceptual reshaping, makes people feel that childbirth is meaningful, so as to improve people's childbirth motivation, coupled with continuous economic development and improvement of social welfare , can fundamentally improve the motivation and willingness to have children.” (The Paper reporter Teng Han)