Chinanews.com, Beijing, January 12th (Reporter Sun Zifa) The top 10 scientific and technological progress news in China and the top 10 scientific and technological progress news in the world in 2022, voted by academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering, were announced in Beijing on January 12 and made public. It was announced that the important progress of the "China Sky Eye" series, the completion of the in-orbit construction of the Chinese space station and the release of the first complete human genome sequence, and the important progress of artificial heart research were selected as the top ten scientific and technological developments in China and the world.

　　China's top ten scientific and technological progress news in 2022 are:

　　——"China Sky Eye" (FAST) has made a series of important progress.

The team led by researcher Li Di from the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences used the original neutral hydrogen narrow-line self-absorption method to obtain the measurement results of the Zeeman effect with high confidence in the protostellar core envelope for the first time; The mechanism of polarization frequency evolution of fast radio bursts provides key observational evidence for the final determination of the origin of FRBs; the international cooperation team led by Li Di discovered the only case of continuously active repetitive fast radio bursts so far, and confirmed that the near-source region has the largest known Electron density; the FAST fast radio burst priority and major project scientific research team conducted in-depth observations on a fast radio burst located outside the Milky Way, and for the first time detected a distance of only 1 astronomical unit from the center of the fast radio burst (that is, the distance from the sun to the earth). The magnetic field changes in the surrounding environment have taken an important step towards revealing the central engine mechanism of fast radio bursts; an international team led by researcher Xu Cong from the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has imaged the hydrogen atom gas in the compact galaxy group "Stephan's Quintet" and the surrounding sky area Observations revealed a huge atomic gas structure with a scale of about 2 million light-years, which is 20 times larger than the Milky Way. This is the largest atomic gas structure detected in the universe so far.

An artist's impression of a fast radio burst and its host galaxy.

Photo courtesy of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

　　——The Chinese space station has completed its in-orbit construction and made a series of major progress.

The Shenzhou 15 manned spacecraft was successfully launched and autonomously rendezvoused and docked with the sky and core module of the space station.

Astronauts of Shenzhou 15 entered the "Tiangong" and gathered with the astronauts of Shenzhou 14 in the "space home" of the Chinese people, which opened the era of long-term manned presence on China's space station.

In the past 19 months, China's manned spaceflight has intensively carried out 11 launches, 2 spacecraft returns, 7 astronauts out of the cabin, and 4 flight crews with 12 astronauts staying in orbit one after another. The basic structure of the "T" character of China's space station The assembly and construction of the model was completed on schedule.

Build a space station and build a national space laboratory.

Photo courtesy of Chinese Journal of Science

　　——Chinese scientists have discovered the key gene for increasing corn and rice production.

"Science" magazine published online a research paper by the joint team of professors Yang Xiaohong and Li Jiansheng of China Agricultural University and professor Yan Jianbing of Huazhong Agricultural University. After 18 years of research by three generations of scientists, it was found that the maize gene KRN2 and the rice gene OsKRN2 were subject to convergent selection and were regulated through similar pathways The yield of maize and rice, and further clarified the genetic law of convergent evolution at the genome-wide level.

　　- Scientists discover and confirm boson exotic metals for the first time.

The team of Academician Li Yanrong of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Professor James M. Valles Jr of Brown University, and Academician Xie Xincheng of Peking University have successfully broken through the limitations of the fermion system and induced a strange metallic state in the boson system for the first time.

　　——Chinese scientists artificially synthesize glucose and fatty acids from carbon dioxide.

Xia Chuan's research group from University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Yu Tao's research group from Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Zeng Jie's research group from University of Science and Technology of China jointly created a new path for carbon dioxide conversion. Through the combination of electrocatalysis and biosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water were successfully used as Synthesis of glucose and fatty acids from raw materials provides a new path for artificial and semi-artificial synthesis of "food".

Fermentation broth (brown solution) and produced glucose (white solution) of yeast strains engineered to produce glucose.

Photo courtesy of Chinese Journal of Science

　　——China's largest solid launch vehicle with the largest carrying capacity so far, "Lijian-1", made its maiden flight successfully.

Developed by the Institute of Mechanics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the solid launch vehicle "Lijian-1" with the largest carrying capacity in China so far was successfully launched in the form of "one rocket and six satellites". The first successful "Lijian-1" was used as a small and medium-sized satellite Launch priority selection has enriched the spectrum of China's solid launch vehicle launch capabilities.

　　——"Kuafu-1" successfully launched and released the first batch of scientific images.

China's comprehensive solar exploration satellite "Kuafu-1" was successfully launched in October 2022, and the first batch of scientific images was released in December. The results achieved many firsts at home and abroad, and three "Kuafu-1" were verified in orbit Payload observation capabilities and sophistication.

The full name of the "Kuafu-1" satellite of the Advanced Space-Based Solar Observatory (ASO-S) has a scientific goal of "one magnetic storm and two storms", and it also provides support for space weather forecasting.

　　——The new technology can directly produce hydrogen by in-situ electrolysis in seawater.

The team of Xie Heping, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, published a paper in "Nature". With a new idea of ​​combining physical mechanics and electrochemistry, a new principle and technology of in-situ direct electrolysis of seawater driven by phase change migration without desalination is established. It is expected to be used in the future. Combining renewable energy to build a seawater in-situ direct electrolysis hydrogen production plant without desalination, no additional catalyst engineering, no seawater transportation, and no pollution treatment.

Stability of in-situ direct electrolytic hydrogen production without seawater desalination——Photo courtesy of the research group

　　——A major breakthrough in the "steady-state strong magnetic field experimental device" of the national major scientific and technological infrastructure.

The national major scientific and technological infrastructure "steady-state strong magnetic field experimental device" developed by the strong magnetic field science center of Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences has achieved a major breakthrough, creating a steady-state strong magnetic field with a field strength of 452,200 Gauss, which has been maintained for 23 years The 450,000 Gauss steady-state strong magnetic field world record has reached the international leading level.

　　——The "Peak Mission" scientific expedition on Mount Everest created a number of new records.

The "Peak Mission" scientific expedition on Mount Everest included 5 scientific expedition teams, 16 scientific expedition teams, and more than 270 scientific expedition team members.

The scientific expedition has discussed the westerly-monsoon synergy and its influence, the strong temperature rise at the peak altitude, the melting of ice and snow at the peak altitude, the water vapor and greenhouse gases observed by the high-tech platform, the strong gas oxidation process in the Mount Everest region, and the human physiology in the Mount Everest region. Many outstanding achievements have been made in the special reaction of the Everest area and the ecological process of the greening of the Everest area, setting a number of new records in scientific research.

The scientific expedition team successfully carried out the comprehensive scientific expedition work on the summit of Mount Everest.

Photo provided by Institute of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences

　　The world's top ten scientific and technological progress news in 2022 are:

　　- The first complete human genome sequence published.

An international research team led by American researchers released the first complete, gap-free sequence of the human genome. The human genome contains about 3 billion DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) base pairs. Complete, gap-free sequencing of these base pairs is crucial It is very important to understand the full spectrum of human genome variation and grasp the influence of genes on certain diseases.

　　——Important progress has been made in artificial heart research.

Using a new additive textile manufacturing method, US engineers have developed the first biohybrid model of a human ventricle with helically arranged beating heart cells and demonstrated that its muscle arrangement does significantly increase the volume of blood pumped by the ventricles with each contraction .

The research is an important step toward the biomanufacturing of organs, bringing people closer to the ultimate goal of creating human hearts for transplantation.

　　--First photo of black hole at center of Milky Way released.

Astronomers from many places around the world, including China, simultaneously released a photo of a supermassive black hole - Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*).

This is the second black hole humans have "seen" and the first direct visual evidence of the real existence of the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way.

The supermassive black hole is about 27,000 light-years away from the solar system and has a mass more than 4 million times the mass of the sun.

The first image of the black hole at the center of the Milky Way.

Photo provided by EHT Cooperation Organization

　　——For the first time, humans successfully changed the orbit of an asteroid.

NASA's Double Asteroid Redirection Test spacecraft slammed into Dimorphos, a smaller asteroid in the binary near-Earth asteroid system, in hopes of changing its orbit.

It was the world's first test mission to defend Earth from an asteroid strike, and the results confirmed the mission's success.

　　- The United States successfully achieved "net energy gain" in a nuclear fusion reaction for the first time.

The US National Ignition Facility team is the first to achieve a net energy gain in a fusion reaction in a controlled fusion experiment, that is, more energy is produced through nuclear fusion than is used to stimulate fusion. This breakthrough is the first to demonstrate the fundamentals of inertial fusion energy Scientific principles and feasibility.

In the target chamber of the National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), California, USA, 192 laser beams deliver more than 2 million joules of ultraviolet energy to a tiny fuel sphere to create a fusion ignition.

Image source: Visual China

　　——The James Webb Space Telescope successfully entered orbit and sent back photos for the first time.

As the largest and most powerful space telescope so far, the main mirror of the James Webb Space Telescope has a diameter of 6.5 meters and is composed of 18 huge hexagonal mirrors, equipped with a 5-layer deployable sunshield.

After the telescope released a batch of full-color pictures it took of the universe, it also captured new images of the most distant stars about 28 billion light-years from Earth and made the first unambiguous detection of carbon dioxide on an exoplanet.

　　— The world's first exascale supercomputer breaks speed records.

The International Supercomputing Organization announced that the Oak Ridge National Laboratory's supercomputer "Frontier" will take the top spot in the 2022 International Supercomputing Top500 list, becoming the fastest supercomputer in the world today, with a computing power of up to 1.1 per second Exascale, and it is also the first computer announced internationally that can perform exascale floating-point operations per second.

　　——Porcine protein cornea makes people see again.

Researchers at Linkoping University in Sweden and other researchers have successfully restored vision to blind or visually impaired people by extracting artificial corneas made of pig collagen, and two years after the operation, patients reported no serious complications or side effects.

The findings could lead to the development of a biomaterial that meets human implant standards and can be mass-produced and stored for up to two years, thus reaching more people with vision problems.

Cornea made from porcine collagen.

Image credit: THOR BALKHED, Linköping University

　　-- Artificial intelligence accelerates "original" new protein design.

With huge advances in artificial intelligence (AI), a team led by biochemist David Baker at the University of Washington (UW) in Seattle can design "original" new proteins in just seconds.

In a method developed by Baker's group called "hallucination," researchers feed random sequences of amino acids into a structure-prediction network; based on the network's predictions, they alter their structure to become more protein-like.

　　——Scientists have found the clearest evidence for the existence of "four neutron states".

A joint team of scientists from dozens of countries has discovered the clearest evidence of the existence of "tetraneutron" exotic matter so far. Related research papers have been published in "Nature", this discovery will help physics Scientists fine-tune theories about the nature of nuclear forces.

　　It is understood that the academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Sciences voted to select the top ten news of scientific and technological progress in China and the top ten news of scientific and technological progress in the world in 2022.

This annual selection activity has been held 29 times so far.

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