In the first 11 months, 11.45 million new urban jobs were created, completing the annual target ahead of schedule
Confidence and confidence in stable employment
core reading
From January to November this year, 11.45 million new urban jobs were created across the country, completing the annual target ahead of schedule, and the employment situation remained generally stable.
In the future, although my country is still facing great pressure on total employment, the in-depth development of a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation will bring new opportunities for employment.
Against the backdrop of the employment-first strategy and the accelerated construction of a new development pattern, there are solid guarantees and favorable conditions for achieving high-quality and full employment.
The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China pointed out that employment is the most basic livelihood of the people.
Strengthen the employment priority policy, improve the employment promotion mechanism, and promote high-quality and full employment.
The Central Economic Work Conference held recently emphasized "highlighting the work of stabilizing growth, employment, and prices" when deploying economic work for next year.
How do you view the current employment situation?
In the long run, what challenges does my country's employment face?
Is the total pressure still high?
How should we deal with it?
There are many positive factors to ensure the stability of the employment situation
As the end of the year approaches, what is the overall employment situation in my country this year?
"Since the beginning of this year, in the face of complex and severe internal and external environments and the impact of unexpected factors such as the epidemic, stable employment has faced risks and challenges. Under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at the core, all regions and departments have resolutely implemented the Party Central Committee and the State Council. Decision-making and deployment, going all out to stabilize employment and ensure employment, the employment situation remains generally stable." The relevant person in charge of the Employment Promotion Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said.
New urban employment has completed the annual target task.
According to data from the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, from January to November, 11.45 million new urban jobs were created across the country, completing the annual target of 11 million ahead of schedule.
The urban surveyed unemployment rate remained basically stable.
From January to November, the national surveyed urban unemployment rate averaged 5.6%.
Since the beginning of this year, due to factors such as the complex and severe international environment and frequent outbreaks of domestic epidemics, the economy has declined in the early part of the second quarter, and the national surveyed urban unemployment rate rose to 6.1% in April.
However, with the accelerated implementation of a package of policies and subsequent measures to stabilize the economy, the overall employment situation has improved. The urban unemployment rate in the third quarter has generally decreased compared with the second quarter. Although the unemployment rate has risen in the fourth quarter, it has remained basically stable.
The job-seeking ratio in the labor market continued to remain above 1.
In the third quarter, the recruitment ratios of public employment service agencies and market agencies were both above 1.
Among them, the job-seeking rate of 100 urban public employment service agencies was 1.31.
The employment of groups in need in urban and rural areas has been actively guaranteed.
As of the end of November, the number of laborers out of poverty across the country reached 32.78 million, an increase of 1.33 million or 4.2% over the end of 2021, exceeding the annual target; from January to November, 4.76 million urban unemployed people were reemployed, and those with employment difficulties The number of employed people is 1.63 million.
"Judging from the situation in November, due to the large-scale rebound of the epidemic, employment growth has slowed down and the unemployment rate has increased." The relevant person in charge of the Employment Promotion Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said, but with the optimization of policies for epidemic prevention and control and the stabilization of various sectors of the economy The further implementation of these measures and the gradual recovery of my country's economy will drive the expansion of employment demand, increase the number of jobs, and gradually improve the employment situation. There are still many favorable conditions for maintaining overall stability.
The person in charge analyzed that with the gradual implementation of optimization and adjustment measures for epidemic prevention and control, the gradual restoration of production and living order, and the gradual increase in transportation, logistics, and residents' travel, it will drive the recovery of service industries such as accommodation, catering, and tourism.
The service industry has a large employment capacity. With the recovery and improvement of the contact-agglomerated service industry, it will be conducive to absorbing labor force employment.
In addition, various regions and departments have strengthened employment priority policies, implemented measures to reduce burdens, stabilize jobs and expand employment, actively expand employment space, and increase employment assistance for key groups, which will also provide a strong guarantee for employment stability.
The pressure on total employment will still exist for a long time
In the long run, what challenges does my country's employment face?
Studying the employment situation is inseparable from the study of labor supply.
"The supply of labor is mainly determined by the working-age population and the labor force participation rate." said Li Jianwei, head of the Social Development Research Department of the Development Research Center of the State Council. 100 million people, and then entered negative growth, and the working-age population in 2021 will be 880 million people.
The labor force participation rate refers to the ratio of the population with labor capacity and employment willingness to the working-age population.
Li Jianwei said that due to factors such as the extension of years of education, my country's labor force participation rate will further decrease in the next period of time.
Calculated according to the development trend of the two indicators, the number of labor force in my country will show a downward trend in the next period.
Does the reduction in labor supply mean that the pressure on total employment no longer exists?
The relevant person in charge of the Employment Promotion Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that this reduction is only a slowdown at a high level. my country is still one of the developing countries with the largest population and labor force, and the pressure on total employment will continue to exist for a long time.
"Taking this year as an example, there are nearly 16 million newly-growing labor forces that need to be employed in urban areas, plus tens of millions of registered unemployed persons in urban areas, the pressure on total employment is still relatively high," the person in charge said.
On the other hand, labor demand will be affected due to increasing uncertain and unstable factors.
"As a derived demand, labor demand is mainly affected by factors such as economic growth, capital and technological endowment, and industrial structure." Li Jianwei said, in particular, the current foundation for my country's economic recovery is not yet solid, and demand contraction, supply shocks, and expected weakening triple The pressure is still high, and the external environment is turbulent, which has deepened the impact on my country's economy.
"This has led to increased pressure on some industries and enterprises to stabilize jobs, and there is still a process to restore job demand." The relevant person in charge of the Employment Promotion Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said. Therefore, in the long run, my country is a developing country with a population of more than 1.4 billion. In China, which is also the country with the most abundant labor resources, solving the employment problem is still a long-term major strategic task.
A new round of technological revolution will bring new opportunities and new challenges
During the interview, the interviewed experts said that technological progress will become an important variable affecting employment in our country for some time to come.
"The new round of technological revolution involves real and virtual economies, covering almost all industries and fields such as manufacturing, information, finance, security, education, medical care, energy, and life services, and will restructure all aspects of economic activities such as production, distribution, exchange, and consumption. Links, as well as the reconfiguration of production factors, have also had a broad and profound impact on employment." Mo Rong, president of the Chinese Academy of Labor and Social Security Sciences, said that the impact of technological innovation on employment has both "employment creation effects" and "employment creation effects". "Employment substitution effect" and "employment transformation effect", and the three effects are superimposed and appearing in my country's labor market.
From the perspective of employment creation effects, the development of new technologies will bring about positive changes in the job market, giving birth to a number of new models and new formats, leading to the development of emerging industries and accelerated economic growth, directly creating new job demands.
"Observing the labor market, in recent years, the demand for talents in scientific research, technological invention, entrepreneurial design, product development, engineers, programmers, management consultants, etc. has been increasing." Mo Rong said.
From the perspective of employment substitution effect, the development and application of new technologies will bring about the replacement of more standardized jobs.
For example, simple labor positions will be lost rapidly, and the demand for occupations such as front-line operators, telephone customer service, and window tellers will decrease or even disappear. Non-procedural positions such as translation, sales, and simple consultation may also be replaced to a limited extent. Demand has weakened significantly.
From the perspective of employment transformation effects, in the past 10 years, a major change in the global labor market has been the substantial increase in the employment of Internet platforms.
Mo Rong said that Internet platforms subdivide "jobs" into specific "tasks" and provide them to many workers through "crowdsourcing".
Internet platform jobs have new features such as loose labor relations, free entry and exit, flexible working hours, and strong autonomy.
How will the triple effect affect labor demand?
Li Jianwei said that the experience of previous industrial revolutions shows that technological progress will have a "substitution effect" on employment. By eliminating old production methods, employment will be significantly damaged in the short term.
At the same time, technological progress in a broad sense will also bring about the "creation effect" of employment. With the large-scale application of new technologies, it will bring about an increase in productivity and the expansion of new and intermediate products, creating new jobs.
"On the whole, as long as the employment 'creation effect' brought about by production expansion is greater than the 'substitution effect' brought about by technological progress, there will be no large-scale unemployment problem." Li Jianwei said.
The relevant person in charge of the Employment Promotion Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that from the experience of the past few years, a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation has developed in depth, the digital economy and "double innovation" have accelerated development, and new urbanization and rural revitalization have created huge development potential , New employment growth points are constantly emerging, the labor market is more synergistic, the overall education level of the labor force is rising, and social mobility is smoother, which has consolidated the human resource support for promoting employment.
"On the one hand, my country's development is still in a period of important strategic opportunities. The Party Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to employment issues, put employment at the macro policy level, adhere to the employment orientation of economic development, deploy and implement the employment priority strategy, and introduce a series of policies and measures to promote employment. , to build a virtuous circle of economic growth and employment promotion, and provide a fundamental guarantee for the realization of high-quality full employment.” The relevant person in charge of the Employment Promotion Department of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said, on the other hand, my country has shifted to a stage of high-quality development, with the domestic cycle as the core The construction of a new development pattern in which the domestic and international dual cycles promote each other has been accelerated, creating good conditions for long-term employment stability.
"As long as we give full play to these positive factors and unswervingly manage our own affairs well, we will be able to create a new situation in employment and work in coping with risks and challenges." The person in charge said.
(People's Daily reporter Li Xinping)