This year, the construction of a beautiful China has taken a major step
◎Our reporter Li He
2022 is an extremely important year. It is a key year for my country to promote the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction, promote the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development, and realize the improvement of ecological environment quality from quantitative change to qualitative change.
After the national air quality index has historically reached the transition value of the first stage of the World Health Organization, the air quality continues to improve, and the blue sky and white clouds are no longer "scarce goods"; from January to September, among the 3641 national surface water assessment sections, the water quality section is excellent The ratio is 86.3%, a year-on-year increase of 4.5 percentage points. The black and odorous water bodies in cities at the prefecture level and above have been basically eliminated; biodiversity protection has entered a new era, and the area of nature reserves accounts for 18% of the country's land area. More than 300 species Wild populations of rare and endangered wild animals and plants have been restored... A beautiful scene of "harmonious coexistence between man and nature" is vividly displayed in China, and a major step has been taken in the construction of a beautiful China.
Build a harmonious and beautiful bay with a sea of people
The protection of the marine ecological environment is promoted item by item according to the "timetable" and "roadmap"
my country is a country with a large ocean, and the ocean area is equivalent to one-third of the land area.
As the top-level design of the "14th Five-Year Plan" marine ecological environment protection work, the "14th Five-Year Plan" Marine Ecological Environmental Protection Plan was officially released in January, and the protection work formulated the "mission book", "timetable" and "road map", Various protective measures were gradually implemented.
The "14th Five-Year Plan" marine ecological environment protection work takes the construction of beautiful bays as the main line of work, and demarcates 283 bays (bay areas) across the country. "One bay, one policy" accurately deploys key tasks and measures for each bay, and promotes " The construction of a beautiful bay with clear water, clean beaches, flying fish and gulls, and harmonious seas of people has formed a work pattern that connects the country, provinces, cities, and bays and manages them at different levels.
In terms of comprehensive management of sea areas, the three key sea areas including the Bohai Sea, the Yangtze River Estuary-Hangzhou Bay, and the adjacent waters of the Pearl River Estuary have launched a battle for pollution prevention and control. Eight relevant coastal provinces (cities) and "2+24" coastal cities have already taken action.
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment organized nearly a hundred experts to set up on-site technical assistance working groups to send policies, technologies, and services to the frontlines of coastal cities.
my country's marine ecological environment is generally stable and improving.
The "2021 Bulletin on the State of the Marine Ecological Environment in China" shows that the overall seawater quality continues to improve, and the sea area meeting the first-class seawater quality standard accounts for 97.7% of the sea area under its jurisdiction, a year-on-year increase of 0.9 percentage points; the typical marine ecosystems monitored are all It is in a healthy or sub-healthy state, and the "unhealthy" state has been basically eliminated; nearly 30% of the country's coastal waters and 37% of the mainland coastline have been included in the red line of ecological protection. Coral reefs, mangroves, seagrass beds and many other typical The marine ecosystem has been effectively protected.
The battle against pollution is advancing in depth
The treatment of new pollutants has become the focus of ecological and environmental protection work during the "14th Five-Year Plan"
New pollutants refer to toxic and harmful chemical substances with characteristics of biological toxicity, environmental persistence, and bioaccumulation, which pose a greater risk to the ecological environment or human health.
At present, the new pollutants that are widely concerned at home and abroad mainly include persistent organic pollutants, endocrine disruptors, and antibiotics controlled by international conventions.
Ren Yong, director of the Solid Waste and Chemicals Department of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that the development of new pollutants treatment is the inevitable result of the in-depth advancement of pollution prevention and control, and it is an inherent requirement for continuous improvement of ecological environment quality.
The overall idea of governance is summarized as "screening, evaluation, and control" and "prohibition, reduction, and governance."
In May of this year, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Action Plan for the Treatment of New Pollutants" to make a comprehensive deployment of the new pollutants treatment work.
The "New Pollutants Control Action Plan" clearly states that by 2025, the environmental risk screening of chemical substances of high concern and high production (consumption) will be completed, the environmental risk assessment of a batch of chemical substances will be completed, and the prohibition and restriction of key new pollutants will be implemented. Environmental risk management and control measures such as pollution and emission restrictions; the ability to control new pollutants has been significantly enhanced.
Currently, 13 provinces (districts and municipalities) including Heilongjiang, Shaanxi and Guangxi have proposed their own timetables and task lines for new pollutant control planning.
The Ministry of Ecology and Environment, together with relevant departments, has carried out a number of tasks in the environmental risk management of toxic and harmful chemicals, laying a good foundation for the treatment of new pollutants.
These include revising the "Regulations for the Environmental Management of New Chemical Substances", strengthening source access management, and preventing new chemical substances with unreasonable environmental risks from entering economic and social activities and the ecological environment; carrying out environmental risk assessment of chemical substances, and issuing two batches of "Priority Control Inventory of Chemicals, a total of 40 types of chemical substances should be prioritized for control; in the implementation of the "Stockholm Convention", 20 types of persistent organic pollutants have been eliminated.
Soil erosion area and intensity "double decline"
Turbid water and barren mountains transform into green water and green mountains
my country is one of the countries with the most serious water and soil erosion in the world. Through supervision and guidance of production and construction projects, implementation of soil erosion prevention and control measures, and construction of key national water and soil conservation projects, at present, my country's water and soil erosion continues to show a "double" in both area and intensity. Decline” and “Double Decrease” trend of water erosion and wind erosion.
Statistics from the Ministry of Water Resources show that in 2021, the national water and soil erosion area will be 2.6742 million square kilometers, a decrease of 274,900 square kilometers from 2011, the proportion of strong and above grades will drop to 18.93%, and the water and soil conservation rate will reach 72.04%.
my country also closely combines soil erosion control with improving agricultural production capacity and developing characteristic industries.
Special industries such as Dingxi potatoes in Gansu, Gannan navel oranges in Jiangxi, and apples in northern Shaanxi have been cultivated and developed in the process of water and soil erosion control.
A total of more than 10 million impoverished people across the country have benefited from soil erosion control, with an annual income increase of about 5 billion yuan.
More and more areas have realized the transformation from turbid water and barren mountains to green water and green mountains, and then to mountains of gold and silver.
The upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River are the key areas of soil erosion in my country. According to the "Yellow River Basin Water and Soil Conservation Bulletin (2021)" issued by the Yellow River Water Conservancy Committee of the Ministry of Water Resources, the cumulative area of soil erosion in the Yellow River Basin is initially controlled at 259,600 square kilometers.
The water and soil conservation rate in the Yellow River Basin will increase from 41.49% in 1990 and 66.94% in 2020 to 67.37% in 2021.
"The mountain is bare, the water below is yellow, and it suffers from disasters every year, and it will not be harvested in ten years." Gaoxigou Village, Mizhi County, Shaanxi Province, has built terraced fields through gentle slopes on the mountain, built new silt dams in the ditch, and carried out greening on steep barren slopes. , the degree of water and soil erosion control reached 78%, the coverage rate of forest and grass reached 70%, and the ecological environment was restored, becoming "a model for the ecological management of the Loess Plateau".
Technology supports the realization of the "double carbon" goal
Establish a more complete green and low-carbon technology innovation system
Technological innovation is the key to achieving economic and social development and carbon neutrality at the same time.
In August, 9 departments including the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Development and Reform Commission, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology issued the "Science and Technology Support Carbon Peak Carbon Neutrality Implementation Plan (2022-2030)" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan"), and proposed to support the realization of carbon by 2030. The scientific and technological innovation actions and guarantee measures of the peak goal, and proposed to make a technical research and development reserve for the realization of carbon neutrality before 2060.
Through the implementation of the "Plan", major breakthroughs in low-carbon key core technologies in key industries and fields will be achieved by 2025; by 2030, further research and breakthroughs will be made in a number of carbon-neutral cutting-edge and disruptive technologies, and a number of influential technologies will be formed. Low-carbon technology solutions and comprehensive demonstration projects to establish a more complete green and low-carbon technology innovation system.
With the promulgation of the "Plan", all localities have also taken action to build an advanced source of green and low-carbon technology innovation.
Sichuan Province proposed that by 2025, a number of innovation platforms in the field of green and low-carbon technologies will be laid out, and strive to break through more than 200 major key technologies in clean energy, crystalline silicon photovoltaics, power batteries and storage and other green and low-carbon advantageous industries. Cultivate more than 100 key products.
Shenzhen has proposed that the added value of the new energy industry will reach 100 billion yuan by 2025.
In the key areas such as industrial process reengineering and energy proposed in the "Plan", green and low-carbon technologies are also constantly making breakthroughs and innovations.
On December 16, the first phase of the 1.2 million-ton hydrogen metallurgy demonstration project of Hebei Zhangxuan Hi-Tech Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Hebei Iron and Steel Group Co., Ltd., was completed. This project is the world's first zero reforming shaft furnace for hydrogen-rich gas (coke oven gas) With the direct reduction hydrogen metallurgy demonstration project, steel has also moved from the traditional "carbon metallurgy" to the new "hydrogen metallurgy".
my country's CCUS industry enters commercial operation
There are nearly 100 CCUS projects currently planned and in operation
Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) refers to the capture and separation of carbon dioxide from emission sources such as industry and energy production or the air, and then utilize or transport it to a suitable site for storage, and finally realize the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions.
In August, my country's largest carbon capture, utilization and storage industry chain demonstration base and the first million-ton CCUS project "Qilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield Million-ton CCUS Project" officially started gas injection operation, marking my country's CCUS industry Started to enter mature commercial operation.
CCUS is considered a key technology to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality.
According to the incomplete statistics of the China Agenda 21 Management Center, as of July this year, there were nearly 100 CCUS projects currently planned and in operation in my country, twice the number of the same period last year.
In addition, there are more and larger CCUS projects in China.
In November, Sinopec signed a cooperation memorandum of understanding with Royal Dutch Shell Group and Baoshan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., and will launch my country's first open 10 million-ton CCUS project in East China; during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, Sinopec Group Corporation (hereinafter referred to as Sinopec) plans to build another two million-ton CCUS demonstration bases.
my country's CCUS technology development road map 2019 predicts that by the middle of the 21st century, the energy consumption and cost of CCUS technology will be fundamentally improved, not only can promote the efficient and low-carbon utilization of fossil energy, direct air capture technology and BECCS can even achieve negative emissions .
Establish the river strategy and keep the vitality of the "mother river" forever
Promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin
The Yangtze River and the Yellow River are the "mother rivers" of the Chinese nation. They have nurtured and nourished the Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years. They are the main spatial carriers of my country's population and economic activities. Promoting the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Yellow River Basin is the key to the development of the Chinese nation. It is a major measure for the mother river to maintain its vitality forever.
After the implementation of the "ten-year fishing ban" policy in key waters of the Yangtze River Basin and the implementation of my country's first river basin law, the Yangtze River Protection Law, a turning point has taken place in the ecological environment of the Yangtze River.
In order to solve the difficult and key problems such as the high debts of environmental infrastructure in some areas, in September this year, 17 departments and units including the Ministry of Ecology and Environment and the National Development and Reform Commission jointly issued the "Action Plan for In-depth Protection and Restoration of the Yangtze River" (hereinafter referred to as "" "Action Plan"), proposing to continue to deepen the comprehensive management of the water environment, further promote the restoration of the water ecosystem, focus on improving the degree of water resource protection, and accelerate the formation of a green development management and control pattern. Comprehensive management and other 28 specific tasks.
The "Action Plan" clarifies that by the end of 2025, the overall water quality of the Yangtze River Basin will remain good, the harmless treatment rate of domestic waste in the counties of the Yangtze River Economic Belt will reach more than 97%, and the black and odorous water bodies in the built-up areas of county-level cities will be basically eliminated.
In order to strengthen the protection of the ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin, ensure the safety of the Yellow River, promote the conservation and intensive use of water resources, promote high-quality development, protect and inherit the culture of the Yellow River, and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature, on October 30, the Standing Committee of the Thirteenth National People's Congress The 37th meeting voted to pass the Yellow River Protection Law.
This law includes 11 chapters, 122 articles in total, including 11 chapters, including ecological protection and restoration, conservation and intensive use of water resources, water and sediment control and flood control safety, and protection, inheritance and promotion of the Yellow River culture. a strong guarantee.
China contributes wisdom to protect the "kidney of the earth"
The "Wuhan Declaration" builds consensus among all parties to strengthen global wetland protection
Wetlands are important ecosystems and are known as the "kidneys of the earth".
From November 5th to 13th, the 14th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Wetlands was held simultaneously in Wuhan, Hubei and Geneva, Switzerland, with the theme of "cherishing wetlands and harmonious co-existence between man and nature". It is the first time to host the Conference of the Parties of the Convention on Ramsar since the Ramsar Convention.
my country's wetland area is 56.35 million hectares, ranking first in Asia and fourth in the world, with a total of more than 2,200 wetland nature reserves.
my country has promulgated a wetland protection law at the national level. 28 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have formulated provincial-level wetland protection regulations. They also plan to incorporate 11 million hectares of wetland into the national park system and implement the most stringent protection management...Wetland protection has gone through a lot of research The three stages of property protection, rescue protection, and comprehensive protection form the "Chinese model" of wetland protection.
Up to now, among the 43 international wetland cities in the world, my country occupies 13, ranking first in the world.
The conference adopted the "Wuhan Declaration" and the "2025-2030 Global Wetland Conservation Strategic Framework".
The declaration calls on all parties to take actions to curb and reverse the systemic risks caused by the degradation of global wetlands.
Promote the legislation and law enforcement of wetland protection, restoration, management and reasonable and sustainable use, and make efforts to evaluate and maintain wetland ecosystem services; carry out natural asset assessment and accounting of wetlands and their ecosystem services; adopt wetland protection and restoration measures, To address social, economic and environmental challenges; to strengthen technical cooperation and knowledge sharing among global wetland conservation workers.
Solidarity against climate change
Take the first step towards implementing the Paris Agreement
From November 6th to 20th, the twenty-seventh Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP27) was held in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt.
The conference adopted dozens of resolutions on the implementation and governance of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol, and the Paris Agreement.
Among them, the most eye-catching is the establishment of the Loss and Damage Fund, which will be used to help developing and vulnerable countries affected by climate change.
On November 11, China officially submitted the "Progress Report on China's Implementation of Nationally Determined Contributions (2022)" to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
The content of the report includes China's new deployment to address climate change, improvement of policy system and support, and active participation in global governance to address climate change, etc., reflecting China's determination and efforts to promote green and low-carbon development and actively respond to global climate change.
Zhao Yingmin, head of China's climate change negotiating delegation and vice minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that this year is the first year after the implementation rules of the "Paris Agreement" were reached. This meeting is also the first step towards implementing the Paris Agreement.
Global biodiversity governance has a new blueprint
Protect 30% of the land and sea, and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature
On December 19, Huang Runqiu, chairman of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (COP15) and minister of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, said that the "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework" (hereinafter referred to as the "Framework" ”) was finally adopted, drawing a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance up to 2030 and beyond.
The theme of COP15 is "Ecological Civilization: Building a Community of Life on Earth", which consists of two sessions.
The first phase of the meeting will be held in Kunming, China in 2021; the second phase of the meeting will be held in Montreal, Canada from December 7 to 19, 2022.
The meeting adopted about 60 decisions and reached an ambitious and pragmatic "framework", proposing to protect 30% of the land and ocean, and establish a biodiversity fund under the Global Environment Facility (GEF), from developed countries to developing countries National funding for biodiversity conservation, at least US$20 billion per year by 2025, and at least US$30 billion per year by 2030; historic decision to establish a benefit-sharing mechanism for digital sequence information (DSI) on genetic resources, historic depiction of 2050 The vision of "harmonious coexistence between man and nature" and so on.
Huang Runqiu said that reaching the "Framework" is the successful end of this conference, and it is also an exciting new starting point for global biodiversity governance.
In the next two years, China will continue to perform its presidency duties well, and work with parties and stakeholders to promote the effective implementation of the "Framework", making the global ecological and natural environment better by 2030, and the trend of biodiversity loss It was reversed as scheduled and "benefited to all mankind."
'Blacklist' of invasive alien species released
Strengthen source prevention, comprehensive management, joint prevention and control, and improve the level of prevention and control
It took nearly a month to round up the "strange fish" alligator gar in Ruzhou, Henan, and to use a forklift to eradicate Canadian solidago in Wuhan, Hubei. The phenomenon of alien species invasion has attracted widespread attention.
On December 20, the website of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs released the "List of Invasive Species for Key Management" (hereinafter referred to as the "List") formulated by six departments, including fall armyworm, alligator gar, goldenrod, red fire ant, and apple snail A total of 59 key managed invasive alien species have been included in the List.
According to the "2020 Bulletin on the State of the Ecological Environment in China", more than 660 alien invasive species have been discovered in my country, 71 of which have caused substantial harm to the natural ecological environment of the invaded area, and have been included in the "List of Alien Invasive Species in China". Another 219 species have invaded several national nature reserves, posing a threat to the ecological environment and species in these reserves.
Statistics show that the direct economic losses caused by invasive species to my country exceed 200 billion yuan every year.
In addition to formulating the "Inventory", my country will also improve the level of prevention and control of alien species by strengthening source prevention, comprehensive management, and joint prevention and control.
These include optimizing the layout of monitoring stations (points), strengthening the monitoring of key species occurrence areas and high-risk areas of invasion; strengthening technical research on species prevention and control, research and development of green prevention and control technology products, and exploring the formation of safe, efficient, and economically feasible comprehensive management technology models, etc.
(Science and Technology Daily)