The Central Rural Work Conference proposed to anchor the goal of building a strong agricultural country, scientifically plan and promote the work of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers"; many experts interpreted relevant measures

  How to achieve a new round of 100 billion catties of grain production capacity increase?

  The Central Rural Work Conference held in Beijing from December 23rd to 24th set the tone for the "three rural" work in 2023: comprehensively promote rural revitalization, and accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country.

The meeting pointed out that the construction of a strong agricultural country must reflect Chinese characteristics, be based on our country's national conditions, based on the resource endowment of many people and little land, the historical heritage of farming civilization, and the requirements of the era of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and follow our own path instead of simply copying foreign modern agriculture. Powerful mode.

At present, it is necessary to anchor the goal of building a strong agricultural country, scientifically plan and promote the "three rural" work, strengthen top-level design, and formulate plans to accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country; Based on resource endowment and development stage, solve the practical problems that are most urgent in agricultural and rural development and that are most strongly reflected by farmers, and do not engage in face-saving projects that are divorced from reality.

  The meeting emphasized that ensuring the stable and safe supply of food and important agricultural products is always the top priority for building a strong agricultural country; comprehensively promoting rural revitalization is an important task for building a strong agricultural country in the new era; relying on the two-wheel drive of science and technology and reform to speed up the construction of a strong agricultural country; rural modernization is The inherent requirements and necessary conditions for building a strong agricultural country. Building a livable, business-friendly and beautiful countryside is the due meaning of a strong agricultural country; we must adhere to the unwavering principle of the party's leadership of the "three rural" work, improve the leadership system and working mechanism, and speed up the construction of agriculture. Strong countries provide strong guarantees.

  How to comprehensively promote rural revitalization and accelerate the construction of a strong agricultural country?

Many experts interpreted it in interviews with reporters from the Beijing News.

  Focus on 1 agricultural power

  Cai Hailong, Professor of School of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University:

  National conditions are destined to diversify the road to a strong agricultural country with Chinese characteristics

  Key points of the meeting: building a strong agricultural country must embody Chinese characteristics, based on our national conditions, based on the resource endowment of a large population and little land, the historical heritage of farming civilization, and the requirements of the era of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, and follow our own path instead of simply copying foreign modern agriculture Powerful mode.

  Interpretation: Why should Chinese characteristics be reflected on the road to an agricultural power?

Cai Hailong, a professor at the School of Economics and Management of China Agricultural University, told the Beijing News reporter that this is closely related to the current shortcomings of my country's agriculture.

He mentioned that, on the one hand, although our country has a vast territory and abundant resources, in the face of a huge population base, the per capita resources are actually very few, and the resource endowment is like a "family of origin", which cannot be changed.

  On the other hand, compared with the current agricultural powers in the world, my country's scientific and technological strength is still relatively backward; in the production process, the degree of standardization is still low; and in terms of agricultural management, my country's brand operation and commercial operation capabilities are still to be improve.

"That is to say, in front-end breeding, middle-end production and end-end management, we are currently far behind the agricultural power. A large part of the reason is determined by my country's national conditions of 'big country and small farmers'." Cai Hailong said.

  But each "native family" has its own "family background", which is also the embodiment of Chinese characteristics in the process of our country becoming an agricultural power.

"Although resource endowments are lacking, the types of resources in our country are diverse. This is reflected in the fact that we have black fertile soil suitable for large-scale production like the Northeast, and small-scale agriculture in the hilly areas of the Southwest." Cai Hailong said , "This also determines that the road to a strong country in our country is definitely not a single route. We have large-scale farms in the Northeast and characteristic agriculture with high added value in the Southwest. The diversification of resources also determines that the road to a strong agricultural country in our country is Diverse."

  At the same time, Cai Hailong further mentioned the national background of my country's "big country and small farmers", "Even though many places have experienced land transfer, the size of my country's agricultural population is still relatively large, and generally small-scale farmers are still the mainstay. The background makes it difficult to increase labor productivity in our country. But we have achieved large-scale operations in certain production links through socialized services.” Cai Hailong said that this is an important innovation and means for my country to improve labor productivity. “We use the market The way of globalization solves the disadvantages of our country's small per capita land resources and small land scale."

  Cai Hailong also mentioned how to use limited resources to meet the needs of 1.4 billion people for agricultural products, to eat well and to eat well, to create an unprecedented precedent in the world, and how not to separate the agricultural and rural modernization and the practice of agricultural power At the expense of the countryside and farmers, the process of realizing rural revitalization and common prosperity, and solving these problems is itself a manifestation of Chinese characteristics.

  Cai Hailong believes that as a large agricultural country, my country has the ability to guarantee the supply of food and important agricultural products, but if it wants to step into the threshold of a world agricultural power, it needs "high labor productivity, high land productivity and capital productivity."

  Concern 2 Increase in grain production capacity

  Diao Xianmin, a researcher at the Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences:

  my country's marginal land and crops have great potential

  Meeting points: It is necessary to implement a new round of 100 billion jin grain production capacity improvement action, and formulate an implementation plan as soon as possible.

We must grasp the two key points of arable land and seeds, resolutely guard the red line of 1.8 billion mu of arable land, gradually build all permanent basic farmland into high-standard farmland, earnestly achieve results in the revitalization of the seed industry, and firmly hold the leading varieties in our own hands.

  Interpretation: my country's grain output has stabilized at more than 1.3 trillion catties for eight consecutive years. According to data from the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, my country's per capita grain possession has reached 483 kilograms, which is higher than the internationally recognized grain safety line of 400 kilograms.

However, according to Diao Xianmin, a researcher at the Crop Science Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the chief scientist of the national millet and broomcorn industry system, "my country has a small land and a large population, and the per capita arable land area is not high. At the same time, my country is still a major food importer. In 2021, the imported food will exceed 160 million tons, in the future, with the further improvement of residents' consumption level, the demand for food will also increase accordingly, and the alarm bells should still be ringing for food security."

  In addition, "the output of major producing areas and staple food crops is also approaching the limit."

Diao Xianmin said, "For example, in land use, in the main production areas such as North China and Northeast my country, it is indeed difficult to continue to increase production due to long-term overloaded use of land. Another example is crops. The utilization and development of bulk crops, whether it is breeding or cultivation technology, has already been at the stage of development. at an extremely high level."

  According to Diao Xianmin, this does not mean that there is no room for tapping potential.

Compared with the main producing areas and staple crops, my country still has a large number of other types of land and rich crop varieties.

Such as saline-alkali land, my country has nearly 1.5 billion mu of saline-alkali land, of which at least 150 million mu has potential for development and utilization.

In addition, there are mountain dry land, hilly land and so on also have huge excavation potential.

From the perspective of crops, traditional crops such as sorghum and millet are underdeveloped in terms of varieties, cultivation and management techniques, and have great potential for increasing production.

The Central Rural Work Conference once again reiterated "building a diversified food supply system" and reminded us to pay attention to food sources other than staple food.

  Diao Xianmin suggested, "On the one hand, in the seed industry, we need to continue to tackle key problems and do a good job in cultivating varieties. On the other hand, the gap between theoretical yield and actual yield needs to be resolved urgently. In this regard, it is necessary to do a good job in technology integration, Improve the cultivation and management level, etc., so that the actual output can be increased as soon as possible.”

  Diao Xianmin said that my country has implemented a number of grain production capacity improvement projects, and this new round of 100 billion jin grain production capacity increase action has comprehensive characteristics, and it will work together in all aspects of grain production.

"From the spirit of the meeting, we can see that the meeting fully emphasized the work of science and technology, land, business models, concepts, etc. Taking science and technology as an example, science and technology is the primary productive force and an important driving force for agricultural development. From a global perspective, various Agricultural powers are all countries with advanced agricultural technology, such as the United States, which has a very high level of seed industry and mechanization. Another example is Israel, a country built on the desert, which has become one of the agricultural exporters through superb agricultural technology. Israel Its drip irrigation technology can accurately provide the most suitable irrigation amount and irrigation method for each crop. There is also the Netherlands, a country built on tidal flats, whose agricultural technology is also at the forefront of the world."

  In addition to the continuous development of agricultural technology, land, rural construction and other fields are equally important for food production.

Diao Xianmin said, "The meeting specifically proposed to protect the interests of grain farmers, improve the compensation mechanism for the interests of major production areas, and gradually build all permanent farmland into high-standard farmland, etc., to ensure and promote food production in an all-round way, which is important for ensuring food security in the future. meaning."

  Pay attention to 3 major food concepts

  Fan Shenggen, Chair Professor of China Agricultural University and Dean of the Institute of Global Food Economics and Policy:

  The whole society participates in the joint construction of the "big food concept" support system

  Meeting points: To establish a big food concept, build a diversified food supply system, and develop food sources through multiple channels.

It is necessary to strictly assess and urge all localities to truly shoulder the responsibility of ensuring food security.

  Interpretation: People in the industry believe that the food category in the "big food concept" refers to the seeds and roots that provide the sugar source, protein, fat, cellulose and various minerals and vitamins that provide the basic needs of all animals and microorganisms. Plants, including wheat, beans, coarse grains and rice.

  Fan Shenggen, chair professor of China Agricultural University and dean of the Global Food Economics and Policy Research Institute, told reporters that the concept of big food reflects a concept of sustainable development. Therefore, it is easy to damage the ecological system by enclosing lakes for land reclamation and clearing forests for land reclamation. The 'big food concept' is to seek food for the entire land space, which requires people to pay attention to the sustainability of the entire food system."

  Fan Shenggen told reporters that with the economic growth in the past 30 years, the food structure of the Chinese people has shown diversified characteristics, which is reflected in the gradual increase in the consumption of nutritious foods such as fruits, eggs, aquatic products and milk by Chinese residents.

But he also pointed out that the current residents' diet is still high in fat and carbohydrates, while vegetables, fruits, seafood, etc. are relatively low, which still has a certain distance from the requirements of a balanced diet.

  The "Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022)" released in April this year pointed out that the daily diet of residents should include grains and potatoes, vegetables, fruits, livestock, poultry, fish, eggs, milk and beans; an average daily intake of 12 kinds Food, more than 25 kinds per week.

"At present, people should appropriately reduce the consumption of red meat, reduce the consumption of carbohydrates, and increase the consumption of vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and seafood. This is the trend in the future, and it is also the requirement of practicing a big food concept and a balanced diet." Fan Shenggen said .

  "If we want to practice the 'big food concept', we need to properly handle the relationship between man and nature. We need a good natural ecological environment, clean air, water and forests, which are the guarantee of a sustainable food system. But the problem is, to protect This ecosystem cannot rely solely on the power of the government, or even on a single country, it requires the participation of all people." Fan Shenggen said.

  Fan Shenggen believes that from the perspective of the world, the global agricultural trade policy coordination mechanism should continue to be improved to practice the big food concept, and countries with advanced food industries should actively assist relatively backward countries.

  Fan Shenggen said that my country's current agricultural subsidy policy needs to continue to be reformed. The current agricultural subsidy policy is to provide more subsidies for staple foods and less subsidies for other food industries. It is necessary to strengthen the nutrition, health and sustainability of the food industry. Financial support, taxing unhealthy and unsustainable food; using part of the fiscal stimulus policy to support the transformation of the agricultural food system, support the production of nutritious, healthy, low-carbon and sustainable food, increase the supply of environmentally friendly food and improve the quality of residents Meal structure; establish upstream and downstream financial transfer payment arrangements for ecological compensation pilots, and improve the compensation mechanism.

  "In addition, the country and scientific research institutions should also adjust the direction of agricultural technology research. They should shift from focusing only on unit yield in the past to multi-win aspects, winning yield, winning nutrition, winning environmental protection, and winning emission reduction. Residents should increase whole grains, fruits and Bean consumption, reduce excessive consumption of refined grains and red meat, eat moderately, cherish food, eliminate waste on the tip of the tongue, reduce pressure on water and land resources, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions." Fan Shenggen said.

  Follow 4 Rural Revitalization

  Zhu Qizhen, a professor at China Agricultural University:

  Rural revitalization needs to follow the rules

  Key points of the meeting: Comprehensively promoting rural revitalization is an important task of building a strong agricultural country in the new era. Human input, material resources allocation, and financial guarantee must all be transferred to rural revitalization.

It is necessary to comprehensively promote the "five revitalizations" of industry, talent, culture, ecology, and organization, coordinate deployment, coordinate advancement, focus on key points, and make up for shortcomings.

  Interpretation: "In the past two years, with the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy, everyone has intuitively felt that the construction of rural infrastructure is getting better and better. There are roads to every village, 24-hour running water supply, toilet renovation, garbage removal, etc. The rural environment has improved significantly, and the overall rural environment has been improved." Zhu Qizhen, a professor at China Agricultural University who has long been concerned about and researched farmers and rural issues, said that while achieving results, some problems have also been exposed in the process of implementing the rural revitalization policy.

For example, everyone is aware of the importance of rural revitalization, but what is a village?

What characteristics should a village have?

These are not yet very clear.

Therefore, in the process of building the countryside, there has been a phenomenon of destroying the countryside, especially the destruction of rural culture.

"Rural revitalization needs to be done in accordance with the laws. To develop agriculture, you must follow the laws of agriculture. To build a village, you must do things in accordance with the laws of the countryside. You should not take everything for granted."

  In addition, rural revitalization still faces the problem of shortage of rural talents and labor.

Zhu Qizhen said that the places where the country's rural revitalization is doing relatively well are very attractive places.

"With people and talents, rural industries can develop, and other aspects can also be vigorous. It is important for college graduates to work at the grassroots level for two years, to rotate teachers, and to send talents to the countryside, but the most urgent thing at present is to solve The problem of cultivating new-type farmers. What we call the revitalization of talents is mainly the cultivation of new agricultural management entities, and the most important thing is to solve the problems of who will farm the land, who will develop production, and who will build the countryside in the future.”

  The Central Rural Work Conference made it clear that "we must adhere to the combination of local training and external introduction, focus on strengthening the training of village party organization secretaries and leaders of new agricultural management entities, comprehensively improve the quality of farmers, and make good use of local talents; we must introduce A group of talents will orderly guide college graduates to go to the countryside, talented people to return to their hometowns, migrant workers to return to their hometowns, and entrepreneurs to go to their hometowns to help them solve their worries, so that they can stay and start their own businesses.”

  Zhu Qizhen believes that solving the problem of talent revitalization cannot be achieved overnight with a single measure, but requires a series of reforms in policy systems and mechanisms.

For example, land issues.

Want to moderately develop large-scale operations, but there is not enough land transfer.

The land policy is stable and unstable. Does it change every three years, every five years, or remain unchanged for a long time?

For example, if you go to the countryside, can you have a housing problem? If outsiders are not members of a collective, can they contract land?

If the land can be contracted, can we get a series of support from the local government?

"The talent issue is a very comprehensive issue that requires a series of supporting policies."

  Focus on 5 rural construction

  Gui Hua, Professor of China Rural Governance Research Center of Wuhan University:

  Rural construction needs to change the dislocation of people going to the city and resources going to the countryside

  Conference points: Rural modernization is the inherent requirement and necessary condition for building a strong agricultural country, and building a livable, business-friendly and beautiful countryside is the proper meaning of a strong agricultural country.

It is necessary to aim at the goal of "basically having modern living conditions in rural areas", organize and implement rural construction actions, especially to speed up the construction of public service facilities in epidemic prevention, elderly care, education, and medical care, and improve the completeness of rural infrastructure and the convenience of public services , Comfortable living environment, allowing farmers to live a modern and civilized life on the spot.

  Interpretation: Gui Hua, a professor at the China Rural Governance Research Center of Wuhan University, said that in my country's rural construction, the current infrastructure such as roads and power grids is relatively sound, and the focus is to solve the problem of "one old and one young" in rural areas.

In fact, there are still many dislocations in my country's rural construction at this stage. In terms of rural education, most rural young people have moved to cities, but educational resources have gone to the countryside. There are three or five students in a village. This kind of rural education is It can’t be done; some local governments have built limited pension resources into high-end health care towns, which ignores the pension needs of most rural elderly.

  Guihua suggested that medical care and education can be deployed with agglomeration effects, while pension resources will sink in the opposite direction.

At present, my country has invested a lot in rural education, but the efficiency is poor. Rural education should be distributed within the county according to the population planning, with central primary schools at the township level, complete junior high schools among several townships, and senior high schools within the county. middle school.

  How to carry out rural education when students are in the village and teachers are in the city?

Guihua said that teachers in township schools do not necessarily live in villages, they can live in cities and counties. Calculated according to the range from most counties to towns, the commuting distance from counties to towns is close to the commuting distance to work in big cities, and towns can Through measures such as the normalization of commuter buses and the allocation of staff dormitories, teachers can teach with peace of mind.

At the same time, school buses are provided for the children in the village to solve the problem of schooling for the children in the villages below the township.

  At present, in my country's rural three-level medical system, village clinics mainly provide public health services, township health centers undertake some minor disease diagnosis and treatment, and county-level hospitals allocate high-quality medical resources.

In the current three-level medical construction in counties and villages, the rural clinics should increase the popularization of farmers' health and hygiene knowledge on the basis of undertaking public health responsibilities, and the grassroots health system can play a role in this regard.

  In addition, Guihua said that two misunderstandings should be avoided in rural construction. First, it is difficult to keep a large number of elite young people in the countryside. Just return to the hometown to start a business; the other is that the positioning of rural construction should not be too high. The rural positioning should be the strategic rear of China’s aging. At the township level, nursing homes and health centers are combined, focusing on the disabled elderly over 80 years old.

  Gui Hua said that the construction of a livable, business-friendly and beautiful countryside can generally be completed in 2035. Before that, my country's focus will be on cities and economic development. At this stage, rural construction will focus on bottom-guaranteed construction and mainly solve rural problems. Issues such as old-age care, rural infrastructure, and large-scale land can solve the problem of rural land fragmentation through the opportunity of a new round of land contracting in 2028, laying the foundation for agricultural modernization; after that, my country will basically achieve modernization and the relationship between urban and rural areas will basically be stable , The tide of urban migration has passed, the rural population is relatively stable, and the country has more energy to build the countryside, which will also avoid the misallocation of resources.

(A06-A07 edition written by Beijing News reporter Zhou Huaizong Tian Jiexiong Cao Jingrui Zhao Lixin Geng Ziye)