Outlook·Chronicle of Governance｜Striving to be the vanguard of modern agriculture

◆ During the National Two Sessions in March 2015, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, pointed out when participating in the deliberations of the Jilin delegation that modern agricultural construction should be accelerated, and agricultural modernization should be realized first in some areas, and the acceleration of construction should be highlighted The modern agricultural industrial system, the modern agricultural production system, and the modern agricultural management system are three key points, accelerate the adjustment of agricultural structure, strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure and technical equipment, and accelerate the cultivation of new agricultural management entities.

In the same year, General Secretary Xi Jinping asked Jilin Province to "strive to be the vanguard of modern agriculture" during his inspection in Jilin.

◆ In April 2022, the Changchun National Agricultural High-tech Industrial Demonstration Zone was approved, planning to build a scale-effective agricultural modernization development pioneer zone and a green circular agricultural technology new city with national influence.

◆ Satellite positioning for farming, satellite monitoring for irrigation, and satellite "photographing" for surveying... "Great" satellites are showing their talents in the fields of Jilin Province, making traditional agriculture more intelligent.

◆ In the past two years, relying on the "pear tree model

◆ Over the past 10 years, Jilin Province has grown to 7 integrated "breeding, breeding and promoting" enterprises, with more than 600 various seed enterprises. The total net assets of the province's seed enterprises exceed 5.3 billion yuan, and the total assets exceed 12 billion yuan.

◆ In recent years, Jilin Province has accelerated the creation and application of advanced agricultural machinery, and the comprehensive mechanization level of major crops has reached 93%, which is 20 percentage points higher than the national average level.

◆ Jilin Province is focusing on building a modern agricultural industrial system, production system, and management system, constantly expanding new agricultural management entities, improving food post-production service centers, creating a special brand of "Jizihao", and doing a good job of "grain head food tail" and "farm head work tail". "Value-added articles promote the upgrading of the entire grain industry chain.

Article | "Look" News Weekly reporter Zhai Weilang Qiu Hongzong Wei Xue Qinfeng

　　On the line of 43 degrees north latitude in the world, there are three major black soil areas in the world.

The warm climate and fertile soil provide an excellent environment for the production of food crops.

Jilin Province, located in the hinterland of the Songliao Plain in northeast China, is on this latitude belt.

　　Jilin is an important commodity grain base in my country.

Over the years, Jilin's grain output, grain yield per unit area, and grain transfer volume have all ranked among the top in the country, and it is a veritable black soil granary.

　　During the National Two Sessions in March 2015, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee, President of the State, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission, pointed out when participating in the deliberations of the Jilin delegation that it is necessary to accelerate the construction of modern agriculture, take the lead in realizing agricultural modernization in some areas, and focus on accelerating the construction of modern agriculture. The agricultural industry system, the modern agricultural production system, and the modern agricultural management system are three key points, accelerate the adjustment of agricultural structure, strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure and technical equipment, and accelerate the cultivation of new agricultural management entities.

In the same year, General Secretary Xi Jinping asked Jilin Province to "strive to be the vanguard of modern agriculture" during his inspection in Jilin.

　　In July 2020, during his inspection tour in Jilin, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that Jilin should put the guarantee of food security in a prominent position, do a good job in food production, accelerate the transformation of agricultural development mode, and create more experience in exploring the road of modern agricultural development .

　　In 2021, the "National Black Soil Protection Project Implementation Plan (2021-2025)" will be promulgated, and Jilin's "pear tree model" with no-tillage and less tillage and straw mulching and returning to the field as the key technology will be selected as an effective governance model for the black soil area in Northeast China.

In April 2022, the Changchun National Agricultural High-tech Industry Demonstration Zone was approved, and it is planned to build a scale-effective agricultural modernization development pioneer zone and a green circular agricultural technology new city with national influence.

　　Jilin Province keeps in mind General Secretary Xi Jinping's earnest entrustment to protect the black land, the "giant panda in cultivated land", to store grain in the ground, cultivate "a good seed" to help the revitalization of the seed industry, and deepen the integration of agriculture and technology. Accelerate the construction of a modern agricultural management system to promote the upgrading of the entire chain of the grain industry, and continue to explore new paths for the development of modern agriculture.

　　In 2021, Jilin's grain output will exceed 80 billion catties for the first time, and its growth rate will rank first among the top ten grain-producing provinces in the country.

This year, Jilin Province launched the "100 billion catties of grain" project, striving to achieve a comprehensive grain production capacity of 100 billion catties by 2030.

【Thick accumulation of fertile soil to cultivate good fields】

　　The Songliao Plain in winter stretches as far as the eye can see.

A layer of golden straw is spread in the field, like a thick quilt covering the black soil.

More than 65% of the cultivated land in Jilin Province is black land, and more than 80% of the grain is produced from black land.

Black soil is the lifeblood of Jilin's grain production.

　　"You can germinate even if you cut a chopstick." In the past, people described the fertility of the black soil in Northeast China like this.

In the past 40 years, Jilin Province, which is located in the core area of ​​black soil, has gradually increased its grain production capacity from 20 billion catties to 50 billion catties, 70 billion catties, and 80 billion catties.

However, the high-intensity use also made the black soil once face the risk of hardening, thinning, and thinning, which brought challenges to the sustainable development of agriculture.

　　Protect the "giant pandas in cultivated land".

"In the spring of next year, after returning the straw, there is no need to ridge and clean the straw, and the no-tillage seeder will be used to sow the seeds directly. This is the conservation tillage technique." Yang Qingkui, a major grain grower in Lishu County, told the reporter of "Lookout" News Weekly.

The "pear tree model" centered on corn stalk mulching and whole-process mechanized production technology has achieved a superimposed effect of grain production increase and black soil protection.

　　Since 2021, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has joined forces with four northeastern provinces to carry out the "black soil granary" scientific and technological battle, and jointly build seven 10,000-mu demonstration areas including the Changchun Demonstration Zone and the Da'an Demonstration Zone.

Thousands of scientific researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have taken root in the frontlines of the countryside. Through the breakthrough and application of key technologies for black soil protection such as straw returning to the field, they have provided scientific and technological support for the protection and utilization of black soil, and provided scientific and technological solutions for the sustainable use of black soil.

　　In the past two years, relying on the "pear tree model", the "black soil granary" scientific and technological battle, and the establishment of black soil protection days, Jilin has added more than 10 million mu of protective farming techniques in suitable areas of the province, and achieved 32.83 million mu of cultivated land protection Sexual farming, accounting for 1/2 of the province's corn sown area.

　　Jilin Province established a black soil protection leading group headed by the secretary of the provincial party committee and the governor. Agricultural departments at all levels have specially set up black soil protection and management agencies, and compacted the "five-level secretaries" to take responsibility for black soil protection.

Establish a "field chief system" to form a grid-based supervision system for farmland protection at the county and village levels, realize the supervision of each farmland by a field chief, and form a full-process, full-chain, and full-coverage farmland protection mechanism and supervision network.

　　Jilin also issued the "Implementation Opinions on Comprehensively Strengthening Black Soil Protection", formulating 38 specific measures in 10 aspects, establishing a multi-sectoral joint protection mechanism, and gathering talents, funds, projects, policies, etc. to black soil protection.

　　Build high-standard farmland, and farmers gradually bid farewell to "hoping for the harvest".

In Yushu City, which is known as the "No. 1 granary in the world", the rice harvested by the Minyue Agricultural Machinery Planting Professional Cooperative has been returned to the warehouse.

"Since the construction of high-standard farmland, each hectare of land can not only save more than 2,000 yuan in production costs, but also increase production by 10%." Xu Yuqing, the head of the cooperative, said.

　　Many of Jilin's black soils are medium and low-yield fields.

In order to improve the quality of cultivated land, Jilin started from the two aspects of capital investment and project arrangement, and promoted the concentration of high-standard farmland construction in agricultural demonstration areas, in large grain-producing counties, and in contiguous plots of land transfer. Comprehensive supporting construction of roads, forestry, electricity, technology, and management, to achieve flat and fertile land, complete water conservancy facilities, smooth field roads, advanced and applicable agricultural and agricultural machinery technologies, and make farmland infrastructure conditions adapt to the modern agricultural industrial system, production system, and management system .

　　Since the beginning of this year, while promoting the construction of 5.5 million mu of high-standard farmland, Jilin has newly created a demonstration area of ​​150,000 mu of high-standard farmland to create typical models in different regions and promote the upgrading of high-standard farmland construction.

At present, among the 83 million mu of basic farmland in Jilin Province, more than 40 million mu of high-standard farmland has been built, and farmers are gradually saying goodbye to "hoping for the harvest".

　　Ask for fertile land from saline-alkali land, and tap the potential of increasing grain.

The western part of Jilin Province is one of the three concentrated distribution areas of saline-alkali land in the world. The saline-alkali land once seriously restricted the development of agriculture.

　　To achieve new farmland, we must first break the dilemma of "land without water" and solve the contradiction of "mismatch between water and soil".

Jilin has explored green governance measures such as connecting rivers and lakes, improving soil with water, empowering science and technology, and attracting investment and rewards, and has constructed water conservancy projects such as the Yinnenbai, Hadashan Water Conservancy Project, etc., creating conditions for the treatment of saline-alkali land.

　　"These projects aim to optimize the matching pattern of water and soil resources, improve the water delivery system of main and branch canals, and provide a solid water source guarantee for the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land and other reserve resources of cultivated land." Liu Zhixin, deputy director of the Jilin Provincial Water Resources Department, said.

　　Through comprehensive measures to control saline-alkali land, 466,200 mu of newly-added cultivated land has been realized in western Jilin.

With the guarantee of water conservancy projects, more than 3 million mu of saline-alkali land in western Jilin can be used as reserve cultivated land resources. Future development and utilization are expected to bring an increase of 400 to 500 million jin of grain, becoming a new growth point for Jilin's grain production.

[Self-reliance and self-improvement help the revitalization of the seed industry]

　　This year, the Nongyuan Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative in Nong'an County planted 500 hectares of corn, using six or seven varieties of corn with different maturity stages.

Li Zhongyu, the person in charge of the cooperative, said: "Now we are planting domestic varieties. These varieties generally have high yields and strong disease resistance, and they perform better than 'foreign seeds'."

　　A small seed, one end is connected to the rice bowl of the people, and the other end is tied to the national strategy.

To consolidate the foundation of food security, the source of food must be firmly held in the hands of the Chinese themselves.

　　Ten years ago, "foreign seeds" were everywhere in Jilin, with a market share as high as 70%.

Jilin has strengthened policy guidance and financial support, implemented in-depth actions to revitalize the seed industry, promoted the integration of "breeding, breeding and promotion", promoted the accumulation of funds and talents in the seed industry, targeted key varieties, and supported the cooperation between science and technology enterprises, making a turnaround in the seed industry In this battle, the market share of "foreign seeds" was reduced to 2%, realizing the use of Chinese seeds for Chinese grain.

　　Independent breeding breaks monopoly.

In order to enrich corn germplasm resources, Jilin Province has strengthened the comprehensive survey and rescue collection of agricultural germplasm resources at the government level, and nearly 150,000 agricultural germplasm resources have been collected and preserved so far.

　　Corn is an alien species, and our country has no germplasm resource advantage.

Zhang Yanmin, head of Jilin Province Fumin Seed Industry Co., Ltd., led the team to search for each tree in the field, and left the corn samples with strong plants and high yields... relying on seeing and touching, breeding from generation to generation, Zhang Yanmin and many other people in the Jilin seed industry Make unremitting efforts to cultivate new varieties that can compete with "foreign seeds".

　　The cooperation between science and technology enterprises strengthens the strength of seed enterprises.

"We have taken the express train of science-enterprise cooperation." Feng Yanhui, head of Hongxiang Seed Industry Co., Ltd. of Jilin Province Hongxiang Agricultural Group, said.

　　This company was originally a seed distribution enterprise in Fuyu City, Jilin Province, with only 2 varieties of corn and one researcher.

With the support of the local government, Hongxiang Seed Industry has successively carried out breeding cooperation with 9 top Chinese corn breeding teams including the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences. It invests more than 50 million yuan in scientific research every year. At present, it has more than 100 corn varieties and produces corn seeds every year. 60 million catties, and the promotion of varieties covers 26 provinces.

　　Supporting the excellent and strengthening the seed industry enterprises is the top priority of linking technology and capital, opening up R&D and the market, and accelerating the innovation of the modern seed industry.

According to Zheng Qing, Director of the Seed Industry Department of the Jilin Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, in the past 10 years, Jilin Province has grown to 7 integrated "breeding, reproduction and promotion" enterprises, more than 600 various seed enterprises, and the total net assets of the province's seed enterprises exceed 53 100 million yuan, with total assets exceeding 12 billion yuan.

　　At present, the area of ​​seed production in Jilin has been stable at about 400,000 mu for a long time, and the annual production and processing of seeds is about 400 million catties. In addition to meeting the needs of agricultural production in the province, some seeds are also sold to other places.

　　Industry-university-research integration stimulates innovation vitality.

Important resources such as talents, technology and equipment required for breeding innovation in my country are gathered in scientific research institutes, while enterprises as the main body of breeding lack both technology and talents.

In order to break the gap between production, education and research, Jilin Province has deepened the reform of scientific research personnel in the seed industry, promoted scientific research personnel to work part-time, part-time, and temporary positions in enterprises, and encouraged enterprises to absorb innovative talents through the mechanism of interest linkage.

　　"In the past, it took three or four years for a variety to enter the market from approval. After cooperating with enterprises, new varieties can enter the market and see results in the same year." Huang Wei, director of the Corn Research Institute of Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, said that in the past, researchers used Once the variety is selected and bred, it is "finished". Now, whether the selection is successful or not depends on whether it can be promoted in a large area.

　　According to statistics, since the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, more than 1,300 new crop varieties have passed the provincial examination in Jilin Province, ranking among the top in the country.

【Grow the best food with the best technology】

　　"There are more than 30 million mu of arable land in the western part of Jilin, and there are seasonal droughts and low-yielding fields. Good techniques and methods are the most effective means of increasing production." Wang Lichun, a researcher at the Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, has a lot of experience.

　　Over the years, Wang Lichun has led a scientific research team to focus on farming techniques and cultivation techniques, and through repeated experiments, combined the black soil protection technology of deep plowing and returning of straw to the field with the "corn water and fertilizer integration" cultivation technology to provide long-term "thirsty" The land in the semi-arid area of ​​the west has been installed with "faucets", achieving double growth in corn production and benefits.

Today, Qian'an County has promoted the integration of water and fertilizer technology to over 200,000 mu, and the yield of corn per mu has increased from 1,200 catties to nearly 2,000 catties.

　　The key to agricultural modernization is the modernization of agricultural science and technology.

Only by strengthening the innovation of agricultural science and technology and allowing researchers to write papers on the earth can we help farmers grow the best food with the best technology.

　　Promote green and high-efficiency technologies, and turn Susukida into fertile fields.

In Daguan Village, Datun Town, Zhenlai County, Ren Zhiguo, a large grain grower who is over 70 years old, is well-known far and wide.

In recent years, under the guidance of agricultural science and technology personnel, he has led the members of the cooperative to adopt modern rice planting technologies such as machine-transplanted rice dense seedlings and synchronous side-deep fertilization of machine-transplanted rice seedlings, realizing the transformation of thin fields into fertile fields, low-yield into high-yield, and the use of chemical fertilizers reduced by about 10%, with an average increase of about 10%.

　　Wang Xuejun, director of the Jilin Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, introduced that in recent years, Jilin Province has accelerated the implementation of agricultural green, high-quality and high-efficiency improvement projects, strengthened the demonstration and promotion of new technologies and new models, and popularized standardized technical regulations.

At present, 58 green and high-efficiency technologies have been promoted, and the main crops have basically achieved full coverage of soil testing and fertilization, green prevention and control, and aerial control operations.

　　New types of agricultural machinery "buy and pay" to improve farming efficiency.

This year's autumn harvest, when our reporter saw Zhang Wendi, a major grain grower in Lishu County, his unmanned harvester was automatically moving forward along the designated route to harvest corn.

　　"Intelligent agricultural machinery not only greatly saves manpower, but also can work day and night, greatly improving farming efficiency." Zhang Wendi said.

　　One small step for agricultural machinery, one giant leap for agriculture.

In recent years, Jilin Province has accelerated the creation and application of advanced agricultural machinery, and the comprehensive mechanization level of major crops has reached 93%, which is 20 percentage points higher than the national average.

　　This year, Jilin Province has comprehensively promoted the national province-wide pilot construction of the whole process of mechanization of grain production, and initiated the implementation of the open-type GSP agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, basically realizing the "buy and pay" of farmers.

According to statistics, in the past two years, 132,000 sets of new equipment such as high-horsepower tractors and no-tillage seeders have been updated in Jilin Province.

　　Digital agriculture enables farmers to "intelligently" cultivate the land.

Satellite positioning for farming, satellite monitoring for irrigation, and satellite "photographing" for surveying..."Tall" satellites are showing their talents in the fields of Jilin Province, making traditional agriculture more intelligent.

　　With the gradual realization of "broadband access to every village" in administrative villages, Jilin Province started the construction of digital agriculture, explored and summarized a set of digital agriculture and rural construction operation modes in line with the provincial conditions, and built the "Jilin Province Digital Agriculture and Rural Cloud Platform".

The platform has application systems such as satellite remote sensing, agricultural Internet of Things, and smart agricultural machinery, and provides agricultural production and other services for agricultural business entities and farmers.

　　With the continuous improvement of digital information infrastructure, digital agricultural scenarios such as precision agriculture, unmanned driving, and smart farms are being popularized and applied in Jilin.

From relying on experience to relying on big data, digital agriculture allows farmers to change from being able to farm to "wisdom" farming, driving high-quality and efficient agricultural production.

　　This year, Jilin Province issued implementation opinions on the development of smart agriculture, focusing on promoting the digital transformation of the three major systems of agricultural industry system, production system, and management system, vigorously developing the agricultural Internet, and accelerating the construction of smart agriculture.

【Promoting the upgrading of the whole chain of the grain industry】

　　During the autumn grain harvest this year, in the processing workshop of Jilin Province Dele Agricultural Cooperative Union located in Gongzhuling, Jilin Province, a fresh ear of corn cobs is sold across the country after cutting, cleaning, bagging, steaming and other multiple processing procedures.

　　"The market price of an ear of organic fresh corn is several times that of ordinary corn." Li Dele, head of the union, told reporters that they have led more than 2,000 farmers to adjust their planting varieties, planting more than 300 hectares of fresh corn, and increasing their income by 5,000 per hectare. yuan or more.

　　In recent years, Jilin Province has focused on building a modern agricultural industrial system, production system, and management system, continuously expanding new agricultural management entities, improving food post-production service centers, creating a special brand of "Jizihao", and doing a good job of "grain head food tail" and "farm head". "Gongwei" value-added articles to promote the upgrading of the entire chain of the grain industry.

　　Support new agricultural management entities and promote large-scale operations.

Carloads of newly harvested corn are shipped to grain harvesting enterprises—this year, the Luwei Agricultural Machinery Professional Cooperative in Lishu Town, Lishu County ushered in another bumper harvest.

　　This cooperative has concentrated nearly 90% of the village's 700 hectares of land through villagers' land entry into the cooperative and land trusteeship. It relies on scientific and technological farming and intensive management to increase production and income.

"Since joining the cooperative, the family's income from the 12 mu of corn field has increased by more than 4,000 yuan compared with the past." Yang Jingtong, a member of the cooperative, said.

　　In 2021, Jilin Province issued "Several Policies and Measures on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of New-type Agricultural Management Entities", which proposed 16 items from 4 aspects of supporting new-type agricultural management entities to improve the level of facilities and equipment support, personnel training, and docking agriculture-related services. specific measure.

　　In 2022, Jilin Province issued the "List of Practical Things to Do for New Types of Agricultural Business Entities such as Family Farms and Farmers' Cooperatives", and introduced 36 support measures from 9 aspects including financial credit services, infrastructure construction, and tax relief, which effectively promoted the scale of agriculture. management.

At present, the number of farmers' cooperatives in Jilin Province has grown to 81,000, and the number of family farms has reached 106,000.

　　Establish a grain post-production service center to promote industrialized operation.

In the Yongxin Farmers Professional Cooperative in Tiexi District, Siping City, the members threshed nearly 2,000 tons of corn, loaded them into trucks, and transported them to the local post-harvest grain service center for storage.

　　"In the past, because of the limited space, the corn was directly placed in the field after the autumn harvest, causing a large amount of food loss every year. Now there is a post-harvest service center for grain, which provides services such as grain drying, storage, and sales." Hou, the person in charge of the cooperative I just told the reporter that the corn will not be sold until the price is right to ensure an increase in income.

　　At present, Jilin Province has realized the full coverage of major grain-producing counties in the grain post-production service center, and the cumulative service volume has reached more than 10 million tons.

Jilin is organizing leading enterprises, seed companies, purchasing and storage enterprises, large planters, small farmers and social service organizations to form an agricultural industrialization consortium, implement industrialized business models such as "enterprise + cooperative + base", and promote land trusteeship, Large-scale operation models such as land ownership and contract farming and planting will promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agricultural development, and improve the degree of organizational organization of agricultural production and the level of moderate-scale operation.

　　Strengthen the "farmers and workers" and make a name for the "auspicious name".

Before and after the heavy snow solar term, the machines in the workshops of many rice processing enterprises in Jilin were rumbling, emitting bursts of rice fragrance.

Soon, bags of "Jilin Rice" will be distributed across the country.

　　Jilin's corn, rice and other food crops are of high quality, but the grain industry was once plagued by "big but not strong, small but not sophisticated, miscellaneous but not famous brands" food industry in Jilin.

In response to the "small, scattered and weak" characteristics of rice enterprises, Jilin Province has introduced local standards that are stricter than national standards, created a regional public brand of "Jilin Rice", established an industrial alliance to promote industrial development, and made the "Jizihao" brand famous throughout the country.

　　According to statistics, in the past 10 years, the sales volume of medium and high-end rice in Jilin Province has increased from 900 million catties to 2.1 billion catties, and the output value of the province's rice processing industry has increased from 14 billion yuan to 26 billion yuan.

In 2021, the province's total output value of fresh corn will reach 3.2 billion yuan, double that of 2019.

　　In recent years, Jilin has carefully done the big articles of "agricultural head and labor", "grain head and food end" and "livestock head and meat tail", and has accelerated the construction of "ten industrial clusters" such as corn, rice, miscellaneous grains and miscellaneous beans, and promoted the integrated development of the three industries in rural areas , implement major projects such as "stalks into meat" and tens of millions of beef cattle, and build and develop a modern agricultural industrial system.

At present, there are 600 provincial-level agricultural industrialization leading enterprises.

　　This year, Jilin Province has ushered in new opportunities for the development of modern agriculture.

In April, Gongzhuling City was approved to build a national agricultural high-tech industry demonstration zone.

This demonstration area takes corn as the leading industry, and aims at agricultural high-tech innovation and entrepreneurship, intelligent agricultural machinery R&D and manufacturing, and corn deep processing industry.

At present, 7 projects including the National Modern Seed Industry Park have started construction.

　　Agriculture is the foundation of the country, and the foundation is the foundation of the country.

After years of hard work, Jilin has been at the forefront of national agricultural modernization.

Jing Junhai, secretary of the Jilin Provincial Party Committee, said that food security is "the greatest of the country". Carry out the important task of maintaining national food security.

Published in "Lookout" Issue 52, 2022