It is reported by RIA Novosti with reference to the Prosecutor General's Office of Germany.
According to the department, those detained as part of the operation in Germany are suspected of preparing to overthrow the state system.
They planned to create a "provisional military government" and negotiate with a number of states.
According to the Spiegel newspaper, a total of 25 men and women were detained who were either members of a right-wing terrorist organization or supported it.
More than 130 homes, offices and other premises are being searched or have already been searched, the publication says.
In October, Russian human rights commissioner Tatyana Moskalkova called the detentions of Russians in Italy and Germany politicized.