Xinhua News Agency, Harbin, December 5th (Reporters Wang Jian, Sun Xiaoyu, Huang Teng) December 5th is the 9th World Soil Day, and this year's theme is "Soil: The Source of Food".

It is the cold winter, and the black land in Northeast China has entered the winter slack season, accumulating momentum for next year's grain production.

　　As the most fertile soil in the world, black soil is suitable for farming and is the foundation for ensuring world food security.

Liu Jie, director of the Black Soil Protection and Utilization Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province, said that the world's black soil is mainly distributed in the Great Plains of Ukraine and Russia, the Great Plains from the United States to Canada in the north, Northeast China, and the Pampas grassland from Argentina to Uruguay in South America.

　　The black soil area in Northeast China is mainly distributed in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province, northeast Liaoning Province and the "East Four League" of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.

The Northeast Granary is the "stabilizer" and "ballast stone" of China's food security.

　　At present, the continuous outbreak of new crown pneumonia and meteorological disasters have increased the uncertainty of the world food market.

In this context, it is particularly important to ensure world food security and protect the black land known as the "giant panda in the cultivated land".

　　In recent years, the black soil area in Northeast China has taken multiple measures to strengthen the protection of black soil, lay a solid foundation for stable grain production, and contribute to the "Chinese plan" for the protection of black soil in the world.

　　A few days ago, in a rice field in Shuangquan Village, Baoqing Town, Baoqing County, Heilongjiang Province, the black soil that was plowed and loosened this autumn was shiny black in the sun.

"After the autumn harvest, the straw will be deeply plowed and returned to the field, and the decomposing agent will be used to speed up the maturity of the straw during next spring plowing, so as to make the cultivated land more fertile." Wang Libo, secretary of the party branch of Shuangquan Village, said. Protect the black earth.

　　"The organic matter in the field has increased, and the rice grown is of good quality and high yield. This year's rice yield per mu has reached about 1,200 jin." Wang Libo said.

　　Heilongjiang Province is located in the core area of ​​the black soil region in Northeast China, with a cultivated land area of ​​257.9 million mu, ranking first in the country.

Among them, the typical black soil cultivated land area is 156 million mu, accounting for 56.1% of the typical black soil area in Northeast China.

　　In recent years, Heilongjiang Province has explored the formation of the "Longjiang model" of black soil protection, which mainly includes straw burial, straw crushing and straw mulching and no-tillage, and rice straw burial, rotary tillage, and raw stubble beating. The "Sanjiang Model" based on the "Three Rivers Model" has become the main technology model for China's black land protection.

　　To protect the black soil, we must insist on technology first.

In the soil laboratory of the Agricultural Science and Technology Service Center of Honghe Farm Co., Ltd. of Beidahuang Group, agricultural technicians are air-drying and crushing soil samples.

　　"Since the end of October, we have collected and tested 600 soil samples. Next year, we can fertilize the formula through soil testing to improve the efficiency of fertilizer use and reduce soil compaction." Wang Wei, director of the company's agricultural science and technology service center, said that this time the black soil cultivated land A comprehensive "physical examination" can also effectively find out the current situation of cultivated land quality, and gradually establish a database of cultivated land quality.

　　Soil erosion is one of the important reasons leading to the degradation of black land.

Erosion ditch is the main form in the process of soil erosion, which will cause the black soil layer to become thinner year by year, the soil organic matter will be lost, and the cultivated land will be fragmented.

　　Not long ago, the reporter saw at the site of erosion ditch treatment in Zhanying Village, Sandao Town, Baiquan County, Heilongjiang Province that several workers were arranging two-finger-thick wicker longitudinally along the bottom of the erosion ditch, and using them again every two or three meters. The wicker is pressed horizontally and fixed with wooden stakes to form willow weaving.

　　"We adopt the continuous willow weaving water drop mode, and the rainwater flows on the woven wicker, which can effectively prevent soil erosion." Zhang Chunshan, deputy director of the Baiquan County Water Affairs Bureau, said that the willows grow in the erosion ditch to form bushes, which will further promote to intercept water and soil.

　　According to statistics, since 2021, Heilongjiang Province has implemented a total of 2.8 billion yuan in general bond funds from the national, provincial, and local governments, and has treated 10,800 erosion ditches.

　　In order to protect and make good use of the black land, this year Heilongjiang fully implemented the "field chief system" throughout the province, and established a seven-level field chief responsibility system of provinces, cities, counties, townships, villages, grids, and households. , to ensure that the quantity of black land is not reduced and the quality is improved.

　　On a barren slope next to a farmland in Taibao Town, Sifangtai District, Shuangyashan City, Heilongjiang Province, Qin Tiejun, the town-level field chief and party secretary of Taibao Town, stood beside a hazelnut tree, pushing aside the dense grass covering the land. By planting grass and trees on barren slopes, not only the hazelnut trees grow taller, but also the grass layer becomes denser, effectively slowing down soil erosion.”

　　China has adopted legislation to provide legal protection for the protection and utilization of black land.

The "Black Soil Protection Law of the People's Republic of China" came into effect on August 1 this year.

Heilongjiang, Jilin and other provinces have issued local laws and regulations to protect black soil.

　　"China is the only country in the world's four major black soil regions that has specifically enacted legislation to protect black soil at the national level," Liu Jie said.

　　Han Guiqing, chairman of the International Black Soil Research Institute of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, said that China's series of black soil protection measures provide a "Chinese solution" for the protection and utilization of global black soil, which will further increase the grain production capacity in Northeast China and provide more than 1.4 billion people with "Chinese rice bowls". "It will be held more securely, and it will also make positive contributions to world food security.

(Xinhua News Agency)