The Basic Estimation and Analysis of the Mental Health Problems of Chinese Students

　　Chinanews.com, December 5th, Question: Basic Estimation and Analysis of the Mental Health Problems of Chinese Student Groups

　　Author: Yu Guoliang, Chief Expert of Mental Health Education Interdisciplinary Platform, Renmin University of China

　　The total number of students in our country is nearly 300 million. To carry out mental health research and education, it is necessary to find out the "family background".

In view of the fact that there are different opinions on the detection rate of mental health problems among students in our country, it has caused some confusion to the academic circles, educational circles, and government decision-making.

The research group of Professor Yu Guoliang, chief expert of the "Double First-Class" interdisciplinary major innovation planning platform for mental health education at Renmin University of China, conducted a systematic meta-analysis of the detection rate of mental health problems among college, middle school and primary school students in my country.

The search time takes the generation of smartphones as the key factor affecting students' mental health problems in 2010, and it will span ten years by 2020.

A total of 1,0424 research articles were retrieved, 1135 articles were included in the meta-analysis of the detection rate, and the total number of subjects was 324,8179 (among them, 101 articles were included for primary school students, with 289,396 subjects; 222 articles were included for junior high school students, The number of test subjects was 71,1769; high school students included 252 articles, and the number of subjects was 91,3421; college students included 560 articles, and the number of subjects was 133,3593).

After nearly a year of hard work by the research group, relevant research results have been initially obtained.

　　1. Our research shows that based on the classification method of scientific clinical experience, mental health problems are divided into internalizing problems (anxiety, depression, sleep problems, suicidal ideation) and externalizing problems (self-injury, suicide attempt), using meta-analysis Methods A total of 1,043 research papers were included, including 290,5979 primary school, junior high school, high school, and college students. The common points and differences in the detection rates of internal and external problems among Chinese students in colleges, middle schools, and primary schools were compared in detail. The detection rate was 18.9%, the total detection rate of internalization problems was 20.0%, and the total detection rate of externalization problems was 11.7%.

At the same time, systematically inspecting the detection rate, distribution characteristics, influencing factors and development trend of various mental health problems among Chinese students in the past ten years, the total detection rate from high to low is depression and sleep problems (both 22.2%) , self-harm (20.1%), anxiety (18.1%), suicidal ideation (13.6%) and suicide attempt (3.3%).

　　2. Our research results also show that: (1) The detection rate of mental health problems among primary school students in descending order is sleep problems (25.2%), depression (14.6%), anxiety (12.3%), and aggressive behavior (4.1%) , withdrawal (3.8%), disciplinary behavior (3.7%), and somatization (3.6%); (2) The detection rate of mental health problems among junior high school students is anxiety (27%), depression (24%), Self-injury (22%), sleep problems (17%), suicidal ideation (17%), suicide plan (7%), suicide attempt (attempt) (4%); (3) The detection rate of mental health problems among high school students was determined by From high to low, depression (28.0%), anxiety (26.3%), sleep problems (23.0%), self-harm (22.8%), suicidal ideation (17.1%), somatization (9.8%), suicide plan (6.9%) ), suicide attempt (attempted) (2.9%); (4) The detection rate of college students' mental health problems from high to low is sleep problems (23.5%), depression (20.8%;), self-harm (16.2%), anxiety (13.7%), suicidal ideation (10.8%), somatization (4.5%), suicide attempt (2.7%).

In general, the detection rates of depression, anxiety, sleep problems and self-injury among college, middle school and primary school students in my country are relatively high, and their overall mental health has shown signs of "deterioration", and the situation is worrying.

　　3. Our research further shows that the detection rate of mental health problems among primary school students in our country is sleep problems, depression, anxiety, aggressive behavior, withdrawal, disciplinary behavior and somatization in order from high to low; the detection rate of the first three is relatively high , the detection rate of the last four items is low, indicating that the overall mental health of primary school students is acceptable.

Among the mental health problems of junior high school students, anxiety, depression and self-harm were the top three, followed by suicidal ideation and sleep problems; the above problems tended to worsen with age, and anxiety and suicidal ideation were particularly obvious; the detected The prevalence rate increases with grades as a whole, and anxiety is particularly obvious; the detection rate of mental health problems in girls is higher than that in boys; junior high school students in the central and western regions are more likely to have mental health problems than those in the northeast and eastern regions.

Depression, anxiety, sleep problems and self-injury rank the top four in the detection rate of mental health problems in high school students, and the above problems are more serious; followed by suicidal ideation, somatization, suicide plan and suicide attempt (attempt); The mental health problems of high school students in senior grades and underdeveloped areas should be given special attention.

The detection rate of college students’ mental health problems, sleep problems, depression, and self-injury are the most prominent; in the past ten years, the detection rates of anxiety, depression, sleep problems, and suicide attempts among college students have increased significantly, and the detection rate of self-injury has decreased significantly; The mental health status of college students in the central and central regions is better than that in the west and east; gender, place of origin, and whether they are only children have no significant impact on the detection rate of college students' mental health problems.

　　4. The above studies consistently show that the development trend of the mental health of Chinese students in the past ten years is not ideal, and there are many risk factors.

In particular, the rise of Internet cultural trends may be an important risk factor for the mental health of students.

Social transformation is the deep-seated reason that affects the mental health of the student group, and cultural trends are the direct media that affect the mental health of the student group, in which families and schools play an intermediary role.

Therefore, to alleviate and reduce the detection rate of students' mental health problems, the method of "treating the head for the headache and treating the foot for the foot" is obviously not enough. This should be a systematic project that requires innovative thinking, "comprehensive management", and comprehensive and full-staff , The whole process, all-round mental health education.

For elementary school students in lower and middle grades, the focus is on helping them learn how to learn, understand themselves and adjust emotions, and lay the foundation for personality development; Consciousness and a sound personality, correctly deal with various difficulties and setbacks, and cultivate a positive attitude towards graduation and further studies.

For the mental health problems of junior high school students, the key is to scientifically understand the physical and mental characteristics of adolescence, learn to regulate emotions and emotions, correctly deal with heterosexual interactions, cultivate the ability to tolerate setbacks, and actively adapt to learning and life on the basis of self-knowledge and effective learning. changes in the social environment.

For the various mental health problems of high school students, the focus is to develop learning potential, improve critical and creative thinking skills, further develop good interpersonal relationships and heterosexual peer relationships on the basis of correct self-awareness, and improve the ability to withstand difficulties and deal with setbacks , form a strong will quality.

The mental health problems of college students are diverse and complicated. They must not be discussed on the facts. Instead, they need to firmly grasp the reins of "positive psychological quality cultivation", multi-pronged approach, multi-party coordination, joint management, and overall advancement.

　　In general, the detection rates of depression, anxiety, sleep problems and self-harm among college, middle school and primary school students in my country are relatively high, and their overall mental health is worrying, which needs to arouse the high vigilance of the whole society.

This study, as the opinion of one family, can be used as an evidence-based basis for the detection rate of students' mental health problems in my country, as well as the basis for the formulation of educational policies and the practice of mental health education.

The future should be based on the land of China. Mental health research should focus on "intensive cultivation", mental health education should focus on "prescribing the right medicine", mental health services should focus on "tracing the root cause", and mental health policy formulation should focus on "advancing with the times".

In particular, focus on improving the effectiveness of mental health education in schools, formulate scientific mental health measurement tools and screening standards, establish and improve a dynamic monitoring system for mental health and a school mental health service system.

About the Author:

　　Yu Guoliang, male, is from Hangzhou.

Chief Scientist of the Interdisciplinary Platform of Mental Health Education at Renmin University of China, Secondary Professor (2011), Doctoral Supervisor (1999), Director of the Institute of Psychology.

Member of the Psychology and Neuroscience Discipline Review Group of the National Natural Science Foundation of China, member of the National Educational Science Planning Psychology Discipline Review Group.

Concurrently serves as the Secretary-General of the Mental Health Education Expert Steering Committee of Primary and Secondary Schools of the Ministry of Education, the Deputy Secretary-General of the Mental Health Education Expert Steering Committee of Colleges and Universities, and a member of the Mental Health and Mental Health Expert Committee of the National Health Commission; the former president of the Social Psychology Branch of the Chinese Psychological Society, Vice President of the Educational Psychology Branch of the Chinese Society of Education.

　　The research field is social psychology and mental health education.

Undertook more than 30 projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China and major research projects of the Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education.

There are more than 60 papers included in SCI and SSCI, more than 50 papers in "Journal of Psychology", "Educational Research" and "Xinhua Digest", and more than 300 papers in CSSCI. The monographs include "Social Psychology", "Social Development", "Modern Mental Health Education" "Social Transformation: Mental Health Education Report", "Social Transformation: The Standpoint of Social Psychology" and "Exploring Micro Collection 5 Volumes", "Mental Education Research Book Series 7 Volumes", etc.